e?^ 


1914 


THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 

OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


— 1_ 


PUBLISHED    BY   THE    ALUMNI    ADVISORY    BOARD 

OF 


YALE    UNIVERSITY 


Price,  Twenty  Cents 
Order  through  Secretary's  Office,  Yale  University 


LIFE  AT   VALE 


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LIFE  AT  YALE 


Prepared  and  published  in  compliance  with  a  vote  of  the  Alumni 
Advisory  Board  of  Yale  University  directing  "that  the  Alumni 
Advisory  Board  prepare  a  pamphlet  on  Yale  dealing  with  the  Uni- 
versity and  with  the  various  phases  of  Yale  life ' ' ;  the  committee 
appointed  to  take  charge  of  this  work  consisting  of  Messrs. 
Edward  Hidden,  '85,  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  Chairman;  Robert  Wat- 
kinson  Huntington,  Jr.,  '89,  of  Hartford,  Conn.;  Walter  Alden 
DeCanip,    '90,    of  Cincinnati,    Ohio. 


Edited  by  Edwin  Rogers  Embree,  '06,  Alumni  Registrar 


SECOND     EDITION 

PRINTED   IN  NEW   HAVEN 

1914 


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AiT 

CONTENTS 

Page 

Yale  Ideals,  by  President  Hadley    1 

What  the  Freshman  Finds  at  Yale   5 

Life  at  Yale  College 11 

Life  at  Sheffield  Scientific  School    20 

Intellectual  Life  and  Outside  Activities 27 

Religious  Life  at  Yale 42 

Working  One's  Way 45 

( Graduate  Interest  and  Organization    49 

The  Yale  Man's  New  Haven 59 

Sketch  of  the  History  of  Yale 05 

Information — Facts  and  Figures  Relating  Particularly  to  the 
Undergraduate  Departments 

Entrance  Requirements 73 

Courses  of  Study 75 

The  University  Calendar    75 

Expenses 70 

Facilities  for  Self  Help   70 

University  Privileges 

The  University  Church 80 

Concerts,  Lectures,  Collections,  etc SO 

Libraries 81 

Laboratories    >S2 

The  Infirmary    82 

General  Club' Life S2 

Athletic  Facilities    83 

The  Yale  Corporation 85 

The  Alumni  Advisory  Board   86 

Yale  University — outline  of  organization (inside  back  cover) 


Many  of  the  illustrations  in  this  booklet  are  reproduced  through  the  courtesy 
of  the  Yale  Alumni  Weekly. 


762575 


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YALE    IDEALS 

By  Arthur  Twining  Hadley 
President  of  Yale  University 

What  are  the  things  that  Yale  stands  for  ? 

First  and  foremost,  in  common  with  every  other  college  and  uni- 
versity worthy  of  the  name,  Yale  stands  for  the  pursuit  of  truth.  -^ 

No  school  or  group  of  schools,  however  brilliant,  would  deserve  to 
be  called  a  university  if  it  simply  taught  its  students  how  to  earn  as 
large  fees  as  possible  in  their  several  callings.  It  must  inspire  them 
with  a  higher  ideal  and  a  deeper  motive.  It  must  make  them  crave 
to  see  things  as  they  really  are  and  to  do  things  as  they  really  ought 
to  be  done;  to  make  truth  and.  right  the  objects  of  a  man's  effort, 
instead  of  subordinating  them  to  the  pursuit  of  money,  pleasure,  or 
power.  These  are  the  ideas  which  underlie  all  good  college  teaching, 
in  science  and  in  history,  in  poetry  and  in  philosophy,  in  morals  and 
in  religion. 

Yale  also,  in  common  with  other  universities,  stands  for  breadth  of 
culture ;   for  a  wide  view  of  life  and  of  what  life  means. 

The  man  who  goes  to  college  has  the  leisure  to  know  many  kinds 
of  men  and  to  study  many  kinds  of  things.  If  he  uses  this  leisure 
badly  it  results  in  mere  dissipation,  physical  or  mental  as  the  case 
may  be.  But  if  he  uses  it  rightly — and  in  our  American  colleges  the 
great  majority  of  students  are  helped  to  use  it  rightly — it  means 
culture.  Culture  is  essentially  a  power  to  enjoy  the  best  things  in 
life  on  as  many  different  lines  as  possible,  instead  of  confining  our 
interests  to  a  narrow  range  of  things  which  are  immediately  before 
our  eyes.  Some  of  this  power  of  enjoyment  is  learned  in  the  class- 
room itself.  Some  is  learned  by  independent  reading  and  thinking. 
Some  is  learned  by  personal  contact  and  conversation  with  instruc- 
tors and  with  fellow  students.  Some — often  a  very  large  part — is 
learned  in  connection  with  the  social  and  athletic  activities  of  the 
student  body.  Any  of  these  activities,  when  pursued  in  an  honorable 
spirit,  increases  a  boy's  range  of  appreciation  and  enjoyment  and 
tends  to  make  him  a  broader  man  and  a  more  cultivated  gentleman. 

Finally,  Yale  stands  for  training  in  citizenship.  It  aims  to  pre- 
pare its  students  to  be  members  of  our  American  democracy.     To 


2  LIFE  AT  YALE 

a  greater  or  less  degree  every  college  does  this.  Every  man  is  a 
better  citizen  if  he  has  learned  to  love  the  truth  and  to  broaden  his 
points  of  contact  with  life  as  a  whole.  But  men  may  pursue  the 
truth  either  separately  or  shoulder  to  shoulder  with  their  fellows. 
Culture  may  be  sought  either  by  the  indivdual  for  himself  alone, 
or  by  the  citizen  for  himself  and  those  about  him.  Yale  encourages 
a  man  to  choose  the  second  of  these  alternatives — to  do  his  thinking 
as  a  member  of  a  community  rather  than  as  an  isolated  individual. 
This  is  the  most  distinct,  if  not  the  most  important,  lesson  which 
Yale  teaches  her  students. 

From  the  day  when  a  boy  comes  to  Yale  as  a  Freshman,  he  is 
made  to  feel  that  he  belongs  to  a  closely  knit  commonwealth.  He 
enters  into  a  heritage  of  traditions  and  sentiments  common  to  the 
students  as  a  whole.  He  finds  himself  face  to  face  with  a  body 
of  public  opinion  which  he  is  given  his  share  in  moulding  and  to 
which  he  is  expected  to  conform  as  far  as  his  conscience  and  his 
abilities  will  permit  him.  This  force  of  tradition  and  opinion  is 
what  governs  Yale ;  and  in  the  main  it  does  its  work  well.  It 
insists  on  clean  living.  It  frowns  on  drunkenness ;  it  condemns  sex- 
ual dissipation  unequivocally.  There  is  no  place  where  a  boy  with 
right  instincts,  going  out  into  the  world  to  enjoy  his  freedom,  gets 
more  help  from  public  sentiment  than  he  does  at  Yale.  It  is  also 
unequivocal  in  condemning  shams  of  every  kind.  It  encourages  the 
student  to  try  to  value  men  and  things  for  what  they  are  rather 
than  for  what  they  advertise  themselves  to  be.  Of  course  it  does 
not  always  succeed  in  getting  a  true  scale  of  values.  Some  things 
look  large  to  the  student  body  which  look  small  in  after  life.  Some 
things  are  judged  under  the  influence  of  momentary  waves  of  emo- 
tion, which  might  be  judged  differently  if  the  verdict  were  more 
deliberate.  But  on  the  whole  the  standard  is  democratic  and  manly, 
and  in  the  majority  of  instances  essentially  right. 

The  boy  also  finds  himself  encouraged  in  every  way  to  put  his 
talents  at  the  service  of  the  community.  Is  there  something  that 
he  can  do  with  his  brains  or  his  voice  or  his  hands  or  his  feet? 
Let  him  measure  himself  against  others  and  show  who  can  serve 
the  community  best.  By  such  competition  will  he  get  a  proper 
sense  and  proper  rating  of  his  own  power ;  by  such  competition  will 
the  community  gel  the  leaders  it  wants  to  take  charge  of  the  things 
that  it  wants  done.     Here  again  the  judgment  of  the  student  body  is 


YALE    IDKALS 


:: 


far  from  perfect.  It  does  not  always  reward  most  highly  the  things 
that  arc  best  worth  doing.  Its  tests  of  power  arc  not  always  as 
broad  or  as  wise  as  those  that  maturer  men  might  apply.  But  such 
as  the  competition  is,  it  is  fairly  conducted — more  fairly  than  in 
almost  any  other  community.  Nor  does  Yale  confine  its  apprecia- 
tion to  the  man  who  has  succeeded.  To  him  who  comes  out  first  it 
uives  the  prize.  To  him  who  has  tried  and  fallen  short  it  gives 
honorable  recognition  and  encouragement  to  try  again.  It  condemns 
none  except  the  man  who  was  too  lazy  or  too  self-centered  to  try  at 
all. 

These,  then,  are  the  things  for  which  Yale  stands :  The  pursuit 
of  truth  as  an  ideal,  the  development  of  breadth  of  understanding, 
and  the  training  for  citizenship  which  results  from  fair  competition 
and  government  by  public  opinion. 


Scene  Before  a  Sunday  Chapel  Service 

Attendance  at  daily  and  Sunday  chapel,  or  service  in  a  city  church,  is  required 
of  undergraduates  in  the  College  and  is  optional  for  members  of  other  depart- 
ments of  the  University.  Eminent  clergymen  of  various  denominations  preach 
at  the  Sunday  services,  which  are  once  a  month  transferred  from  the  chapel  to 
the  large  University  Auditorium  to  accommodate  attendants  from  the  entire 
University. 


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WHAT  THE  FRESHMAN"  FINDS  AT  YALE 

An  entering  Class  at  Yale  comes  to  New  Haven  from  the  four 
quarters  of  the  globe.  Men  from  Texas  and  Pennsylvania  arrive 
on  the  same  train.  They  meet  at  the  station  a  group  from  Illinois, 
another  from  Hartford  and  another  from  Seattle;  while  already  in 
the  city,  perspiring  over  last  examinations,  are  planters'  sons  from 
the  South,  farmers'  from  the  West,  and  bankers',  teachers'  and 
merchants'  sons  from  Louisville,  Cincinnati  and  Denver.  A  smaller 
number  are  from  Honolulu,  China,  Japan,  and  the  countries  of 
Europe.  High  schools  in  almost  every  important  city  in  the  country 
are  represented,  while  groups  from  the  large  preparatory  schools  of 
the  East  and  of  the  West  form  ever  widening  circles  of  acquaintance. 

The  men  of  the  entering  classes,  the  Freshmen,  meet  first  on  the 
crowded  before-term  trains,  which  come  laboring  up  from  New  York 
or  down  from  the  North  and  East.  For  three  days,  early  in  the 
week  before  the  fall  term  starts,  these  groups  of  singing,  chatting 
upperclassmen  and  eager,  half  shy  Freshmen  pour  into  New  Haven. 
Swinging  hand  bags,  hat  boxes  and  mandolin  cases,  they  wander  in 
groups  up  through  the  city  streets  to  search  out  their  college  rooms 
and  to  happen  upon  acquaintances  old  and  new. 

These  nights  just  before  the  term  opens  are  times  of  uncertainty 
for  the  Freshmen.  Their  peace  of  mind  is  often  disturbed  by  the 
last  entrance  examinations.  Their  studies  and  even  their  slumbers 
are  disturbed  by  visits  from  good-natured  but  not  always  desired 
groups  of  Sophomores.  On  a  night  at  the  beginning  of  the  fall  term, 
late  in  September,  the  Freshmen  first  mass  together,  first  come  to 
feel  themselves  a  unit,  a  Class.  In  the  fantastic  torchlight  pro- 
cession through  the  city  streets,  ending  in  the  Freshman-Sophomore 
wrestling  bouts  on  the  Campus,  these  three  or  four  hundred  oddly 
assorted  men,  who  make  a  Yale  Class,  are  welded  together.  In  the 
weird,  winding  snake  dance  and  march  through  the  streets,  the  men 
stammer  through  the  "Brek-ek-ek-ex  coax  coax"  Greek  cheer,  and 
sing  the  Yale  marching  songs.  They  grip  one  another's  shoulders. 
They  are  a  Class !  From  that  time  on,  the  members  think  of  them- 
selves first  not  as  Californians  or  lumbermen's  sons,  but  as  Yale 
men,  and  Yale  men  of  a  particular  Class.     In  the  College  (or  Aca- 


6  LIFE  AT  YALE 

demical  Department)  the  "Freshman  Rush"  occurs  on  the  Wednesday 

night  before  the  opening  of  the  term ;  in  the  Sheffield  Scientific 
School  this  welding  process  of  the  entering  Class  takes  place  on  the 
following  Saturday,  when  the  parti-colored  costumes  of  the  Seniors, 
leading  the  procession,  add  to  the  picturesqueness  of  the  event. 

The  Freshmen  quickly  settle  into  their  scholarly  work.  This  is 
the  work  for  which  essentially  they  came  to  college  and  which  forms 
the  foundation  for  all  other  phases  of  college  work  and  play.  Soon 
they  become  aware  of  other  fields  of  work,  numberless  competitions, 
all  about  them.  In  a  mass  meeting  they  are  told,  though  most  of  the 
men  know  of  it  themselves,  of  the  multiplicity  of  activities  which  go 
to  make  up  life  at  Yale.  Before  the  first  year  is  a  week  old,  the 
greetings  of  Freshmen  become :  '"What  are  you  out  for  V  Many 
are  on  the  athletic  fields  playing  football,  baseball,  tennis,  or  on  the 
track,  competing  for  places  on  Class  and  later  University  teams. 
Others  are  darting  hither  and  thither  about  the  Campus  walks  and 
city  streets  on  rumbling  bicycles,  pursuing  items  in  their  competition 
for  the  Daily  News.  Awkward  banjo  and  mandolin  cases  encom- 
pass those  who  are  playing  on  the  musical  clubs.  Some  are  trying 
for  dramatic  honors,  for  literary  acceptance  in  the  college  periodi- 


Tiir   Freshman  Fence  Orations 

Toward  the  close  of  the  college  year  the  Freshmen  are  given  the  right  to  sit 
on  the  "Fence"  in  a  ceremony  consisting  of  an  interchange  of  good  natured 
raillery  between   a   Sophomore  and   a    Freshman    "Fence  orator." 


Weight  Hall,  the  New  Freshman  Campus  Dormitory 


cals,  for  debating  teams.  Within  a  week  the  new  Class  has  started 
that  campaign  for  achievement  and  honor  in  Yale  life,  that  campaign 
which  in  the  College  does  not  relax  one  jot  or  one  tittle  until  the 
approach  of  Senior  year,  three  years  later,  when,  resting  after  honors 
won  or  honestly  striven  for  and  missed,  the  Class  settles  back  for  a 
quiet  year  of  companionship  after  three  years  of  competition. 

And  yet  this  many-sided  activity  forms  but  the  surface  of  the 
work,  conspicuous  because  on  the  surface.  At  the  foundation  of 
every  boy's  work  at  Yale  is  the  rigid  necessity  for  study,  and  usually, 
too,  the  fixed  purpose  and  real  desire  to  study.  The  desire  for  study, 
the  pursuit  of  truth,  is  the  reason  for  the  existence  of  this,  as  of 
any  real  college  or  university,  and  few  indeed  are  the  enrolled  stu- 
dents at  Yale  who  lose  sight  of  the  real  purpose  for  which  they  have 
come. 

The  subjects  and  fields  of  study  determine  the  departments  of 
the  Universitv  in  which  the  enterine;  men  enroll  themselves.      Some 


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WHAT  THE  FRESHMAN"  FINDS  AT  YALE  9 

four  hundred  of  the  new-coming  men  enter  the  College,  historic  ances- 
tor of  the  entire  University,  now  but  one  of  its  many  departments. 
An  equal  number  form  the  entering  Class  of  the  Sheffield  Scientific 
School,  known  to  Yale  as  "Sheff."  Smaller  numbers  each  year, 
having  completed  preliminary  college  work  at  Yale  or  elsewhere, 
enter  the  professional  schools  of  Theology,  Medicine,  and  Law,  the 
Graduate  School  and  Forest  School,  or  the  Schools  of  Music  and  the 
Fine  Arts.  A  total  of  about  four  hundred  new  members  enter  these 
graduate  or  professional  schools  each  year,  coming  for  further  study 
from  more  than  one  hundred  and  seventy-five  colleges  and  uni- 
versities of  this  and  foreign  countries.  It  is  of  the  life  in  the  two 
undergraduate  departments,  the  College  and  "Sheff,"  that  this  book- 
let particularly  concerns  itself. 

Of  this  undergraduate  life  at  Yale  one  dominant  characteristic 
may  well  be  emphasized  before  the  individual  phases  are  considered. 
That  characteristic  is  the  dominance  in  the  undergraduate  life  of  the 
warm,  hearty,  sane  feeling  of  comradeship  in  effort,  the  vigorous 
determination  to  accomplish  something  for  the  common  good ;  the 
clean  endeavor,  in  the  light  of  two  hundred  years  of  favoring 
tradition,  to  work  together  with  common  industry  for  a  common 
goal — the  thing  which  in  a  word  we  call  Yale  Spirit.  It  is  this 
spirit  that  sets  the  tone  of  undergraduate  life  at  Yale.  And  the 
tone  that  it  sets  is  cleanness  of  life,  diligence  of  endeavor  in  study  or 
play,  impatience  of  sham,  quick  appreciation  of  ability  or  effort,  and 
lasting  belief  in  the  ultimate  good  of  common  work  in  pursuit  of  a 
common  goal.  It  is  this  spirit  that  makes  the  competition  in  the 
multiform  activities  of  undergraduate  life  at  Yale  so  keen,  so  all- 
pervading;  that  characterizes  Yale  life  by  that  compelling  power 
called  team  play.  It  is  this  spirit,  too,  that  dominates  the  intel- 
lectual life  of  the  undergraduate.  The  class  room,  the  Fence,  the 
athletic  field,  all  are  marked  by  this  feeling  of  comradeship  in 
industry,  this  Yale  Spirit,  It  is  this  spirit  that  the  Freshman 
feels  first  as  he  swings  into  step  in  the  torchlight  procession  on  the 
first  night  of  his  first  year,  as  he  is  bumped  and  jostled  and  borne 
along  on  the  shoulders  and  in  the  open  arms  of  his  fellows.  It  is 
this  spirit  that  carries  him  through  his  years  at  Yale;  years  in 
which  he  measures  himself  against  his  fellows  in  keenest  com- 
petition for  honors  and  responsibilities,  and  yet  feels  himself  all  the 
time  borne  aloft  by  the  assurance  of  their  hearty  and  united  support. 


LO  LIFE  AT  YALE 

It  is  this  spirit  that  at  the  end  of  the  college  course  makes  the  man 
feel  that  he  has  not  completed  his  association  with  these  classmates. 
but  has  simply  started  a  new  phase  of  his  Yale  life;  that  makes  the 
graduate  sing  at  reunion  gatherings  throughout  the  world  in  a  voice 
growing  more  and  more  mellow  with  maturity  and  feeling: 

Bright  college  years,  with  pleasure  rife, 
The  shortest,  gladdest  years  of  life. 
How  swiftly  are  ye  gliding  by ! 
Oh,  why  doth  time  so  quickly  fly  ! 
The  seasons  come,  the  seasons  go, 
The  earth  is  green,  or  white  with  snow. 
But  time  and  change  shall  naught  avail 
To  break  the  friendship  formed  at  Yale. 

In  after  years,  should  troubles  rise 

To  cloud  the  blue  of  sunny  skies, 

How  bright  will  seem,  thro'  memory's  haze, 

The  happy,  golden,  bygone  days ! 

Oh,  let  us  strive  that  ever  we 

May  let  these  words  our  watch-cry  be, 

Where'er  upon  life's  sea  we  sail, — 

"For  God,  for  Country,  and  for  Yale !" 


Evening  Comkadkky  on  the   Fence 


Connecticut  Hall,  a  Dormitory  Erected 

in  1750,  seen  through  the  class 

of  1896  Memorial  Gateway 


LIFE  AT  YALE  COLLEGE 

To  the  incoming  Freshman  at  Yale  the  morning  chapel  service 
probably  seems  on  first  experience  the  least  necessary  of  all  things 
to  his  personal  comfort;  before  his  graduation  he  is  likely  to  think 
of  it  as  the  best  illustration  he  can  recall  of  the  familiar  forsan  et 
liaec  olim  meminisse  juvabit.  The  service  suggests  the  solidarity 
of  the  undergraduate  body,  the  inviolable  tradition  that  an  institution 
of  age  and  respectability  hands  down  from  the  past  to  its  youngest 
sons.  The  daily  association  of  the  entire  company  of  the  college 
regularly  assembled  inspires  these  youngest  sons  to  the  observance 
of  an  order  which  they  apply  in  their  own  way  to  the  activities  of 
student  life.  This  order  is  not  of  the  Faculty  or  powers  above ;  far 
from  it.  It  is  the  self-ordained  task  of  the  undergraduate  to  see 
that  established  traditions  of  the  place  are  maintained  in  matters 


12 


LIFE   AT   YALE 


which  come  within  his  province.  Otherwise  things  become  inef- 
fective, and  he  is  dissatisfied  because  in  the  absence  of  accepted 
customs  a  college  crowd  degenerates  into  a  mob  and  college  customs 
lose  their  distinction.  Beyond  a  little  teasing  in  the  open,  which 
has  replaced  the  ancient  practice  of  hazing,  the  Freshman  gets  small 
attention  from  any  students  outside  of  his  Class.  He  has  his  room 
assigned  in  one  of  the  dormitories,  either  on  York  Street  or  the  old 
Campus,  allotted  to  Freshmen,  and  learns  that  the  great  majority  of 
college  men  live  like  him  in  comfortable  buildings  on  one  of  two 
adjoining  quadrangles.  The  Campus,  so-called,  contains  also  the 
Library,  Chapel,  Art  School  and  lecture  rooms,  in  all  of  which  he 
may  be  more  or  less  concerned,  but  of  the  many  University  buildings 
which  stretch  for  more  than  half  a  mile  beyond  these  quadrangles, 
he  will  take  little  heed  excepting  of  the  Dining  Hall — one  of  the 
finest  interiors  of  its  kind  in  America — where  he  will  get  his  meals. 

On  the  whole,  though 
in  the  midst  of  a  con- 
siderable city,  there 
is  a  detachment  in 
the  University  life 
which  renders  it  a 
thing  by  itself  to  the 
student.  lint  one  re- 
mains now  of  the  row 
of  factory-like,  brick 
buildings  which  used 
to  face  the  City 
Green  from  the  mid- 
dle of  the  Campus. 
This  was  erected  a 
few  years  before  the 
outbreak  of  the 
French-Indian  War, 
and  is  willingly  pre- 
served because  of 
its  respectable  antiq- 
uity: i  he  others  have 

been  removed  to  leave 
free     llle     >pace     of     a 


().\  the  "Senioe   Fence" 


Omega  Lambda  Ciii  Celebration,  a  Spring  Jollification 


double  city  block,  around  the  edge  of  which  are  grouped  the  halls 
that  constitute  the  most  effective  college  quadrangle  in  the  country. 

Into  this  world  of  his  own  the  Freshman  is  allowed  to  find  his 
way  or  make  his  place  with  scant  courtesy,  indeed,  but  with  fewer 
risks  of  being  taken  up  and  played  upon  by  older  men  than  is  the 
ease  in  most  large  institutions.  Outside  of  the  normal  influences 
cf  the  curriculum,  athletics,  spiritual  interests  and  college  journal- 
ism— which  arc  explained  elsewhere — the  new-comer  soon  feels  the 
reaction  of  that  sense  of  partnership  in  a  great  family  to  whose 
inherited  traditions  of  conduct  he  is  expected  to  conform,  lie  is 
allowed  to  find  himself  before  lie  is  subjected  to  any  risks  of  dis- 
covery by  upperclassmen,  and  the  experience  is  often  accounted  the 
most  interesting  and  surprising  in  the  careers  of  many  who  recall 
it  in  subsequent  years. 

There  are  no  officers  elected  in  any  Class.  The  members  of  a 
Senior  Council  of  seven,  whose  supervision  of  Campus  affairs  is 
admirably  effective,  are  not  ('lass  officials  in  any  sense.  Ir  is  only 
upon  graduation  that  a  Secretary  is  elected  to  keep  track  of  a  Class 
and  publish  its  annals  in  after  life. 

'Flic  outside  world  conceives  of  the  social  life  at  Yale  as  a  micro- 
cosm  seething  with  hopes  and  fears  inspired  by  its  secret   societies. 


14 


LIFE  AT  YALE 


Their  influence  upon  the  undergraduate  community  is  important  and, 
in  some  respects,  peculiar  to  this  institution,  but  their  importance 
and  peculiarities  are  greatly  exaggerated.  The  Freshman  is  aware 
of  little  due  to  the  societies  that  affects  his  life ;  the  visitor  who  has 
seen  other  colleges  in  America  is  not  likely  to  detect  with  unaided 
vision  any  physical  evidences  that  differentiate  Yale  from  the  rest. 
In  the  fall,  when  the  so-called  Junior  fraternities  initiate  their  first 
candidates  from  the  Sophomore  Class,  the  Campus  gleams  for  an 
hour  with  the  penetrating  shafts  of  their  great  searchlights  carried 
at  the  head  of  costumed  processions  sonorous  with  ritual  songs  as  they 
pass  upon  their  errands  to  one  and  another  of  the  dormitories.  After 
midnight  the  members  of  the  three  Senior  societies  return  in  silence 
from  their  conclaves,  once  a  week,  to  the  Campus.  This  and  the 
elections,  silently  conferred  on  a  May  afternoon,  are  all  the  outside 


Senior  Baseball  in  Vanderbilt  Court 


The  court  of  Vanderbilt  Hall,  a  Senior  dormitory,  forms  a  playground  of 
special  Senior  privilege.  A  novel  ball  game  with  a  large  soft  ball  is  one  of  the 
special  Campus  prerogatives  of  members  of  the  Senior  Class. 


THE  COLLEGE  15 

world  sees  or  knows  of  their  existence.  No  badges  are  worn  that 
can  be  seen ;  nor,  with  the  exception  of  a  recent  custom  which 
bedecks  members  of  the  Junior  fraternities  with  carnations  in  their 
buttonholes  when  an  initial  ion  is  impending,  do  the  societies  obtrude 
upon  the  senses  of  anyone  living  at  Yale. 

The  democracy  of  the  undergraduate  world  has  evolved  this  sup- 
pression of  manifest  signs  of  social  hierarchy  by  a  process  all  its 
own.  Forty  years  ago,  when  there  were  secret  societies  for  each 
Class  in  college,  every  member  wore  his  pin  upon  his  necktie.  Less 
than  thirty  years  ago  those  of  the  lower  classes  were  for  the  most 
part  exposed  more  modestly  upon  the  waistcoats  of  their  owners, 
though  Seniors  preserved  the  old  custom  longer.  Within  the  past 
decade  the  last  of  the  Senior  societies  to  maintain  the  ancient  promi- 
nence of  its  pin  has  followed  the  prevailing  custom.  The  notion 
obtains  abroad  that  with  the  increasing  number  of  undergraduates 
the  proportion  of  "society  men"  in  college  steadily  decreases.  The 
reverse  is  true.  Leaving  out  the  Freshman  societies — abolished  in 
1880 — which  any  Freshman  could  join  for  the  asking,  only  sixty- 
two  per  cent,  of  the  Class  graduating  a  generation  ago  belonged  to 
any  society,  while  the  average  at  present  is  seventy-five  per  cent. 
So  far  as  these  organizations  reflect  undergraduate  sentiment  it  would 
appear  that  they  parade  less  and  admit  more  now  than  formerly. 

The  secret  societies  have  sins  enough  to  answer  for  in  the  estima- 
tion of  many  critics  of  American  colleges ;  but,  in  view  of  the  fact 
that  men  everywhere  are  bound  to  combine  in  groups  for  interest 
or  pleasure,  their  influence  at  Yale  has  been  rather  wholesome  than 
otherwise.  Their  standards  are  necessarily  high,  for  the  moment 
one  is  suspected  of  maintaining  lower  ideals  than  the  rest  it  is 
shunned  by  all  desirable  candidates.  Moreover,  their  graduate  mem- 
bers take  them  rather  more  seriously  than  is  generally  supposed,  and 
they  are  apt  to  return  to  reunions  preaching  a  loftier  morality  than 
they  themselves  ever  lived  up  to  when  young.  If  their  calls  to 
righteousness  are  ignored  by  the  active  members  they  withdraw  their 
moral  support,  and  when  this  is  removed  the  Society  soon  flags  and 
presents  itself  to  the  Faculty  as  a  septic  growth  upon  the  body  poli- 
tic in  need  of  surgical  treatment.  The  secrecy  of  all  these  organiza- 
tions is  preserved  chiefly  as  a  convenient  means  of  protection  from 
badinage ;  there  are  no  occult  purposes  to  propagate  in  any  of  them, 
but  long  usage  has  made  it  a  rudeness  in  college  for  any  but  his 


Hi  LIFE  AT  YALE 

intimates  to  discuss  a  society  in  the  presence  of  a  member.  In  this 
way  their  privacy  is  maintained,  just  as  people  of  refinement  keep 
their  family  affairs  private  by  refusing  to  countenance  any  discus- 
sion of  them  among  chance  acquaintances. 

Besides  these  strictly  academic  associations — all  of  them  legally 
incorporated  and  possessing  buildings  of  their  own — three  Greek 
letter  societies  include  in  their  membership  students  from  all  depart 
incuts  of  the  University.  The  eminent  band  of  Phi  Beta  Kappa,  con- 
sisting exclusively  of  the  twenty-five  or  thirty  ranking  men  of  a  (das.-, 
exerts  mi  social  influence  whatever,  but  its  prestige  is  great,  and  it- 
annual  banquet,  which  brings  together  graduate  members  and  distin- 
guished speakers  from  abroad,  is  perhaps  the  most  notable  function  of 
its  kind  in  the  college  year.  The  Elizabethan  Club,  possessing  a  con- 
venient house  and  the  most  remarkable  collection  of  first  editions  of 
Shakespeare  in  America,  chooses  its  members  from  the  upper  classes 
of  both  undergraduate  departments  as  they  display  a  genuine  interest 
in  literature.  This  club,  being  endowed,  is  unique  in  making  no 
pecuniary  demands  upon  its  members,  while  it  stands  by  itself  also 
in  bringing  undergraduates  into  intimate  contact  with  graduates  who 
frequent  it,  and  in  admitting  the  introduction  of  friends  as  visitors. 
A  chapter  of  the  Cosmopolitan  Club  which  exists  in  all  the  larger 
American  universities,  is  composed  of  foreign  students  of  all  nation- 
alities and  native  Americans  whose  interests  are  sufficiently  catholic 
to  find  profit  in  meeting  with  them  once  a  month.  Xo  Academic 
organization  has  its  members  living  or  eating  together  as  such. 

Other  groups  and  brotherhoods  there  are,  too  numerous  indeed  to 
mention.  Places  in  the  musical  and  dramatic  clubs  are  particularly 
sought  after  because  of  the  vacation  trips  which  they  afford.  Some 
of  the  plays  presented  by  the  Dramatic  Association  equal  the  besl 
performances  by  amateurs  anywhere.  The  social  festival  of  the 
winter,  known  as  the  Junior  Promenade  Concert,  is  perhaps  the 
most  notable  recurring  function  of  the  sort  given  in  the  1'nit  d 
States.  Descending  from  the  old  "Wooden  Spoon"  festival,  it  has 
now  become  the  climax  of  two  days  of  festivity,  Including  a  play. 
;i  concert,  a  round  of  club  teas  and  a  ball.  Intellectual  work,  out- 
side of  the  curriculum  and  competitions  for  various  scholastic  prizes, 
is  fostered  by  debates  in  the  Yale  and  Freshman  unions  and  in  less 
formal  (dubs,  the  besi  representatives  of  which  win  places  on  the 
intercollegiate  debating  teams.     Dwight  Hall,  a  center  of  the  reli- 


The  Commencement  Procession  in  Front  of 
Yanderbilt  Hall 

The  dignified  academic  procession,  which  is  a  feature  of  Yale  Commence- 
ments, embraces  members  of  the  Yale  Corporation,  those  who  are  to  receive 
honorary  degrees  and  other  invited  guests,  alumni,  and  the  eight  or  nine 
hundred  candidates  who  are  to  receive  degrees  in  course  from  the  several 
departments  of  the  University. 

gious  interests  of  college  life,  promotes  not  only  its  own  series  of 
meetings  and  Bible  classes  but  three  Sunday  schools  in  the  purlieus 
of  the  town  and  two  regularly  appointed  houses  for  rescue  work 
;mk1  uplift  in  the  slums.  A  college  in  the  center  of  China,  with 
about  a  hundred  students  and  a  hospital,  is  wholly  manned  by  Yale 
graduates  and  maintained  by  subscriptions  from  Yale  students  and 
alumni.  The  Catholic,  Berkeley  (Episcopalian),  Jonathan  Edwards 
and  Hebraic  clubs  indicate  varieties  of   religious   belief  that   find 


18  LIFE  AT  YALE 

corporate  expression  in  occasional  meetings,  but  less  is  heard  of 
such  matters  than  of  the  harmless  eccentricities  of  the  ''Pundits" 
or  "Kopper  Kettle,"  or  ephemeral  coteries  like  the  Whiffenpoofs, 
the  Hogans,  and  Mohicans. 

Old  graduates  observe  that  social  life  at  Yale  is  much  less  strident 
and  emotional  than  it  was  in  the  old  days.  Much  of  this  is  due 
to  the  temper  of  the  times  but  more  comes  from  the  settled  policy 
of  the  Faculty  to  let  students  manage  their  own  affairs  so  far  as 
they  can  properly  do  so.  There  are  no  indications  now  of  the  ancient 
antagonism  between  teachers  and  taught  which  used  to  break  out  in 
the  wanton  mutilation  of  college  property,  midnight  bonfires  or  the 
"burial  of  Euclid" — a  ceremony  that  consigned  a  distasteful  text- 
book to  a  formal  interment  in  the  woods.  Rather  oddly,  the  only 
survival  of  this  sort  of  function  is  a  Campus  procession  with  costumes 
and  dancing,  in  the  spring,  celebrating  "Omega  Lambda  Chi,"  a 
mock  initiation,  shared  by  all  the  classes,  into  a  society  that  never 
existed ;  it  is  a  parody,  therefore,  on  the  secret  societies  cordially 
conducted  by  the  society  men  themselves.  Nothing  remains  now  of 
the  furious  antagonism  between  town  and  gown,  which  used  to  show 
itself  in  petty  pranks  along  the  city  streets,  in  breaking  street  lamps, 
stealing  signs,  and  once — sixty  years  ago — in  a  famous  assault  with 
fire  arms  upon  a  fire-engine  house  and  the  siege  in  return  by  the 
firemen  of  one  of  the  college  dormitories.  The  college  world  used 
to  perch  in  its  leisure  hours  upon  the  rails  of  a  wooden  fence  facing 
the  main  street  of  the  town.  When  this  was  replaced  by  buildings 
a  fence  of  similar  construction  was  erected  between  the  drive  and  the 
grass-plot  on  the  Campus,  and  here  (in  fair  weather)  the  undergradu- 
ates are  apt  to  assemble  upon  portions  assigned  by  unwritten  law  to 
each  Class.  Freshmen  are  not  included  in  this  assignment,  but  they 
make  what,  in  the  language  of  international  politics,  might  be  called 
a  "demonstration"  when,  on  Washington's  Birthday,  they  rush  for 
it  in  a  body  and  are  withstood  by  the  Sophomore  Class.  It  is  a 
harmless  performance,  supervised  by  the  football  captain,  but  it  is 
cherished  as  a  custom  commemorating  an  old-time  snow-ball  fight 
between  these  two  classes  when  the  Freshmen  on  that  holiday  first 
ventured  out  in  top-hats  and  canes.  The  consecrated  section  of  the 
fence  is  handed  over  by  Sophomores  to  the  Freshmen  in  June  with 
speeches  from  spokesmen  in  each  Class — sometimes  really  witty  and 
always  received  with  appreciation.     A  pleasant  custom  sanctions  an 


THE  COLLEGE 


li> 


informal  game  of  baseball  (with  a  soft  ball)  which  may  be  played  by 
Seniors  only,  on  a  certain  corner  of  the  Campus.  No  college  com- 
munity in  the  country  cares  more  for  its  traditions  than  the  little 
world  of  Yale,  and  in  none  is  the  sense  of  fellowship  and  the  spirit 
of  devotion  to  accepted  ideals  more  sedulously  cultivated. 

F.  W.  Williams,  Class  of  1879. 


Senior  Class  Day 

Two  days  before  graduation  the  Seniors  meet  in  academic  caps  and  gowns 
and  rehearse  the  achievements  of  their  college  course  and  sing  familiar  college 
songs  before  their  families  and  friends,  guests  of  the  afternoon.  Following  this 
celebration  the  Class  marches  to  plant  the  Class  ivy  and  sing  in  dedication  an 
"Ivy  Ode"   written  in  Latin  by  a  member  of  the  Class. 


LIFE  AT  SHEFFIELD  SCIENTIFIC  SCHOOL 

When  I  went  to  Sheff  I  thought  that  1  had  done  no  more  than 
enter  a  department  of  a  great  institution.  I  thought  that  I  told  the 
whole  truth  when  I  said  to  the  family  minister,  or  sonic  other  formal 
person.  "I  am  in  the  Sheffield  Scientific  School  of  Yale  University.'' 
T  did  not  realize  for  many  years  that  Sheff  is  much  more  than  a  si  c- 
tion  of  a  university — that  it  is  really  a  way  of  thinking  about  thin--. 
a  point  of  view. 

At  first  it  is  "Sheff-town''  that  catches  your  attention.  I  did  not 
get  at  the  thing  which  gives  Sheff  its  peculiar  and  particular  char- 
acter until  long  after  graduation,  hut  the  curiously  definite  geography 
of  the  place1  strikes  you  at  once.  "Sheff-town''  is  a  little  country, 
with  clear  boundaries  and  well-marked  provinces  within  it.  AVall 
Street  bounds  it  on  the  south,  a  narrow,  friendly  street  with  boys 
incessantly  hanging  out  of  the  windows  up  ami  down  the  whole  length. 
At  one  end  is  the  white  quadrangle  of  Vanderbilt-Seientific  with 
its  pleasant  archways,  oriels  full  of  cushions,  and  a  ball  game  per- 
petually on  beneath  them.  At  the  other  the  Freshman  lodging 
houses  thicken  towards  the  friendly,  stranger  territories  of  ■■Aca- 
demic.'' And  across  the  midst  cuts  "Grub  Street,''  the  broad  ave- 
nue to  Commons.  On  the  east  of  "Sheff-town"  is  Temple  Street 
with  the  ancient  Freshman  Eow,  that  before  they  burnt  the  bridge 
once  too  often  (the  tale  awaits  you  in  Xew  Haven)  was  a  famous 
haunt  of  studentry.  To  the  north  are  the  pleasant  places  of  the  city 
opening  through  the  beautiful  Hillhouse  Avenue  to  Sachem  Woods 
with  its  vast  laboratories.  To  the  west  is  the  old  cemetery,  rest- 
ing place  of  memorable  dead,  the  pavement  round  its  wall  a  favorite 
running-track  for  us  when  brains  were  muddy  on  winter  afternoons. 
Just  opposite  is  a  row  of  grim  buildings,  ugly  enough:  but  here  the 
Scientific  School  began.      And  all   within   is   Sheff. 

When  that  ridiculous  tower  of  South  Sheffield  Hall,  with  its  bat- 
tered top-hat  of  an  observatory  pulled  down  over  its  ears,  sends  our 
its  bell-strokes  for  the  first  eight  o'clock  of  the  year,  and  all  Shell' 
begins  to  stream  from  Commons,  Byers  Hall,  Wall  Street,  and  the 
dormitories,  1  never  fail  to  remember  how  I  first  panted  under  it 
to  the  big  assembly  room  to  see  my  class.     Such  an  incoherent,  dis 


t  m 


A 

-i 


A  Siikkktet,d  Campus  Dormitory 


unified,  mongrel  assortment  of  boys  as  Sheff  draws  together  for  a 
Freshman  ('lass!  Spruce,  self-contained  fellows  from  the  big  prep, 
schools,  who  look  over  their  neighbors  keenly,  and  know  just  how 
much  or  how  little  to  say  to  a  new  acquaintance;  unlicked,  tousled- 
headed  boys  from  the  farm,  a  fine,  fresh  light  in  their  eyes,  and  voices 
loud  from  shyness;  white-faced  sous  of  hard-working  families,  who 
down  on  Oak  Street,  or  along  the  water  front,  are  sacrificing  every- 
thing to  give  Johny  or  Frankie  a  chance;  New  Yorkers,  just  a  Little 
supercilious  (they  get  over  it):  Westerners,  with  a  chip  on  their 
shoulders  because  they  think  th"  East  won't  like  them;    Southerners, 


'22 


LIFE  AT  YALE 


who  seem  to  know  everyone;  and  here  and  there  a  Chinese,  or  an 
Armenian,  or  a  Jap,  who  stares  at  the  tumult  with  inscrutable  eyes. 
When  you  look  back  on  it  you  wonder  how  all  that  was  to  be  licked 
into  shape,  was  to  be  made  a  body  with  some  ideals  and  more  ideas  in 
common.  And  yet,  this  was  done,  and  quickly.  It  was  Junior  year 
before  we  learned,  all  of  us,  to  dress  just  alike,  a  very  important  thing 
in  college,  as  all  the  ISTew  Haven  tailors  and  haberdashers  testify  by 
the  pains  they  take  to  circulate  one  kind  of  cap,  one  kind  of  tie,  and 
one  cut  of  clothing.  But  long  before  that  this  composite  assort- 
ment of  diverse  units  became  a  Class.  The  "Sheff  Rush"  swept  us 
in  a  marching,  singing  mob  through  fireworks,  band  music,  and  cheers 
into  a  consciousness  that  the  man  who  gripped  left  sleeve  and  he  who 
hung  to  right  shoulder  in  the  snake-dance  were  somehow  or  another 
to  keep  moving  on  and  hanging  on  to  us  for  years,  perhaps  for  life. 
Then  in  we  were  tumbled,  the  lot  of  us,  into  class  rooms,  shaken  up, 
pounded  down,  rubbed,  polished  off  (and  some  of  us  finished),  in  a 
common  tussle  with  Physics,  Biology,  English,  and  Mathematics, 
until  slow  brains  began  to  move  along  the  same  logical  processes. 
Ambition  to  be  something  in  Yale  life  seized  us.  Football,  Crew, 
Glee  Club,  the  News,  what  difference  did  it  make ;  the  impulse  (vir- 
tue and  fault,  but  greater  virtue  than  fault  of  Yale)  to  do  something 

in  the  college  world 
gave  a  fellow-feeling. 
"What  are  you  out 
for  ?"  was  a  common- 
place of  chance  meet- 
ings in  Byers  Hall 
or  College  Street. 
T  h  e  n  su ddenly  we 
became  painfully 
conscious  of  the  up- 
per-classmen. The 
societies  (wo  hardly 
dared  whisper  their 
sacred  names)  were 
busy  selecting.  Light- 
ning   was    striking 


Mason  Mechanical  Engineeking 
Laboratory 


here     and     there. 
Groups    formed    and 


rfflf 


The  New  University  Biological  Laboratory 

reformed.  New  brothers,  chosen  by  this  fraternity  or  that,  began 
to  gather  in  preparation  for  next  year,  when  they  were  to  become 
housemates  in  one  of  the  society  dormitories.  The  disappointed  and 
the  independent,  drew  together  in  little  coteries  where  friendship 
was  the  sufficient  bond.  Some  pangs  there  were:  not  even  the 
Twelve  Apostles  were  chosen  without  heart-burnings,  and  our  socie- 
ties are  as  human,  and  as  fallible,  as  they  are  well-meaning.  By 
Easter  we  were  indubitable  Sheff  men;  but  we  did  not  know  what 
that  term  meant. 

Now  Sheff,  like  all  colleges,  is  imperfect;  its  educational  system 
is  imperfect,  its  teachers  are  imperfect,  and  its  college  life  is  imper- 
fect— the  perfect  college  is  still  in  the  future,  and  threatens  to  stay 
there.  Nevertheless,  Sheff  has  some  remarkably  good  qualities,  and 
they  have  been  good  for  so  long  that  they  are  likely  to  stay  good.     As 


24  LIFE   AT  YALE 

J  look  back  over  the  college  life  of  Shelf,  as  T  Lave  known  it,  the 
lust, —  I  am  not  sure  that  it  is  not  the  quality  of  all,  for  everything 
seems  1<>  explain,  and  lie  explained  by  it,  is — well,  I  shall  have  to 
use  a  figure  to  make  my  meaning  clear,  for  nothing  is  so  hard  to 
describe  as  the  subtle  conditions  and  subtler  influences  which  make 
college  life,  [magine  a  kaleidoscope  (the  figure  is  old,  hut  useful) 
full  of  bits  of  glass  of  all  shapes  and  colors.  Let  this  stand  for 
our  Freshman  Class.  Now  give  it  a  dozen  twists;  and  if  yen  look 
through  each  time  you  will  see  a  design  in  which  every  bit  of  glass 
seems  to  find  some  good  relation  to  other  bits,  so  that  a  harmonious 
pattern  is  made  of  many  harmonious  groups,  all  of  which  touch  or 
intersect.  That  mouse-colored  fragment  which  glows  in  its  own 
octagon  is  part  of  another  figure.  This  big,  purple  fellow  that 
entches  the  light  at  the  point  of  a  hexagon,  is  in  the  background  of 
that  circle  too. 

Well,  that  is  Sheff,  as  it  should  be,  and  as,  to  a  rather  remarkable 
extent,  it  is.  For  the  whole  system  of  its  college  life  is  based  upon 
groups  of  friends  or  associates,  upon  circles  that  touch  and  inter- 
sect, until  each  boy  has  his  place  in  many  groups  beside  that  which 
is  particularly  his  own. 

When  I  went  to  Sheff  the  circles  began  to  form  before  the  entrance 
examinations  were  over.  At  first  it  was  just  prep,  school  associates 
that  got  together,  and  joined  to  themselves  summer  acquaintances, 
and  the  sons  of  father's  friends.  But  the  new  life  quickly  reassortod 
us  into  new  unities.  It  was  the  "eating- joint"  first,  a  room  full 
of  talk  and  rattling  dishes,  or  a  Commons  table  with  soup  canting 
eerily  over  your  head  ;  hut  to  either  place  came  new  hoys  that  found 
;i  common  interest  in  each  other's  society  or  the  quality  of  the 
"grub."  ]STew  circles  formed  that  did  not  break  the  old.  Two  of 
your  men  were  in  the  "football  crowd";  your  roommate  consorted 
at  odd  hours  with  Academic  friends;  there  were  the  fellows  you 
studied  with  in  livers  Hall,  the  big  student  club,  open  to  everyone; 
last  there  was  your  division,  souls  that  toiled,  ami  wrought,  and 
thoughl  with  you.  joined  by  a  common  share  in  a  section  of  the  alpha 
bet,  equal  lessons,  and  a  personal  knowledge  of  your  disastrous  Hunks. 
The  "joint"  broke  up;  the  friendships  remained;  but  you  were 
whirled  by  another  twist  of  the  kaleidoscope  into  another  circle, 
more  lasting  this  lime.  It  was  spring.  The  fraternities  had  made 
their  choices.      Either  you  wen'  joined  to  a  group  who  next  year  and 


SHEFFIELD  SCIENTIFIC  SCHOOL  25 

for  the  rest  (if  their  Sheff  experience  would  share  a  house  in  common, 
and  supporl  the  prestige  of  ;m  ancienl  society;  or  yon  became  one 
of  a  ■■crowd"  of  friends  who  tacitly  agreed  to  stick  together  in 
some  corner  of  ;i  dormitory  while  college  life  was  to  them.  Fresh 
man  year  ended.  The  ("hiss  was  divided  into  coteries,  into  circles, 
subtly  interrelated;  but  ii  was  left  for  the  Sheff  educational  system 
to  complete  the  plan. 

At  Sheff,  the  Freshman  year  in  this  system  is  a  common  appli- 
cation for  all  of  very  much  the  same  kind  of  educational  medicine. 
When  von  are  well  dosed,  then  comes  the  time  for  the  specialist. 
Towards  spring  yon  were  asked— do  yon  want  to  he  an  Engineer,  a 
Chemist,  a  Biologist,  and  so  on  with  a  string  of  them;  or  do  yon 
enter  that  "Select"  course  which  is  the  Sheff  name  for  what  nowa- 
days we  mean  by  a  liberal  education?  Yon  chose,  and  thereby 
sealed  (often  nnwittinsrly)  your  future  career.     I  am  not  concerned 


A  Winteb  Morning  on   Vanderbilt   Square,  the 
Sheffield  Campus 


26  LIFE  AT  YALE 

with  careers,  as  such.  Let  me  point  out  the  indirect  effect  of  this 
system  of  required  courses  which  came  before  the  free  elective  sys- 
tem and  has  lasted  after  it.  Junior  year  arrived.  You — deeply 
imbedded  in  your  little  social  coterie,  living,  eating,  playing  with 
a  group  of  congenial  friends — found  yourself  a  part,  like  the  glass 
in  the  kaleidoscope,  of  another  circle,  too,  this  time  an  intellectual 
one.  For  better  or  for  worse  you  had  become  a  member  of  your 
"course."  Strive  as  you  would,  and  some  of  us  I  regret  to  say  did 
strive,  the  effect  of  that  intellectual  influence  was  unescapable.  If 
we  were  Engineering  students  we  began,  however  dimly,  to  think 
and  feel  as  Engineers,  to  see  the  world  in  terms  of  mathematics,  and 
talk  of  stresses  or  the  strength  of  materials.  If  we  were  "Select,'' 
the  historical  method,  the  anthropological  point  of  view,  the  criti- 
cal attitude  of  literature,  insensibly  {very  insensibly  sometimes) 
began  to  find  its  way  into  our  thought  and  talk.  These  were  the  new 
intellectual  circles  into  which  individuals  of  the  social  groups  entered 
without  losing  their  place  in  the  home  life  of  their  "crowd."  The 
course  had  an  esprit  de  corps  which  was  obvious ;  a  way  of  thinking 
which  to  us  was  not  obvious,  but  most  evident  to  the  more  mature 
observer.  And  back  to  our  old  circles  we  carried  the  atmosphere 
of  the  new  one.  Talk  waxed  better  as  the  minds  of  friend  and 
friend  developed  along  separating  lines ;  we  grew  more  interesting 
to  each  other;  even  the  big  games  (staples  in  talk  for  half  the  year) 
lent  themselves  to  arguments  flavored  by  difference  in  ways  of  think- 
ing; and  it  was  a  never-ending  pleasure  to  attack  the  utter  silliness 
of  the  other  fellow's  method  of  preparing  for  life. 

It  is  a  common  criticism  that  college  men  talk  nothing  but  athle- 
tics. It  is  true  that  they  make  athletics  so  interesting  to  themselves 
that  it  often  excludes  more  valuable  subjects  of  conversation.  But  I 
have  never  so  enjoyed  good  talk  as  in  that  little  white  "eating- joint" 
under  the  elm  (now,  alas,  gone  the  way  of  the  Old  Brick  Row)  where 
on  Sunday  nights,  dear  fat  old  Mrs.  Wiggin  listening  with  her  hands 
tucked  beneath  her  apron,  we  wrangled  over  football  scores,  girls, 
religion,  life-work,  hard  and  easy  courses,  till  the  coffee  was  cold,  and 
someone  threw  a  biscuit  at  the  wordiest  member.  We  were  intimates. 
We  ate  together,  we  roomed  together.  But  we  moved  in  other  orbits, 
athletic,  musical,  religious,  most  of  all  intellectual,  and  came  home 
bringing  with  us  the  point  of  view,  the  influences  of  each.  And 
this  unity  in  diversity  is  the  secret  of  Sheff. 

Henry  S.   Can  by,  Class  of  1899  S. 


The  Old  English  Libraky  Buildings 

The  small  buildings  which  form  the  wings  of  this  group  were  originally  the 
library  buildings  of  the  two  famous  literary  societies  of  the  early  half  of  the 
last  century,  "Linonia"  and  "Brothers  in  Unity."  The  collection  of  modern 
fiction,  successor  to  the  collections  of  these  societies,  is  still  called  the  "Linonia 
and  Brothers  Library." 


INTELLECTUAL  LIFE  AND  OUTSIDE  ACTIVITIES 


Scholarly  Work  and  Interest,  Literary  Life,  Writing  for  the  College 
Papers,  the  Glee  Club  and  Dramatic  Association,  Athletics 

Intellectual,  social  and  athletic  activities  are  all  vigorous  at  Yale, 
and  they  interpenetrate  to  a  remarkable  degree.  Men  who  come  to 
the  front  in  them  are  the  leaders  of  the  undergraduate  world;  and 
the  best  men  are  not  infrequently  distinguished  in  all.  The  Eliza- 
bethan Club,  which  is  a  social  center  of  Yale  intellectual  life, 
has  crew,  football  and  track  men  among  its  membership;    and  high- 


28  LIFE  AT  YALE 

stand  honors  go  almost  as  frequently  to  athletes  and  social  leaders 
as  to  men  whose  reputations  have  been  won  in  writing,  study  or 
debate. 

Bnt  the  most  remarkable  development  in  Yale  undergraduate  life 
in  recent  years  has  been  along  intellectual  lines.  The  University 
has  been  "growing  up."  The  Yale  News,  under  the  leadership  of 
a  series  of  able  editors,  has  stirred  the  undergraduate  body  into  think- 
ing for  itself.  Laziness  never  was  fashionable  at  Yale;  and  now 
conventionality  and  lack  of  thought  are  growing  unfashionable  also. 
The  atmosphere  of  the  campus  is  electric.  Competition,  which  has 
always  been  keen,  has  become  highly  intelligent.  A  boy  wTith  indi- 
viduality will  find  every  incentive  to  develop  it  in  the  direction 
which  it  should  follow,  and  the  resolution  to  be  somebody  and  do 
something  will  swing  him  into  the  full  current  of  college  life. 

The  distinction  between  curriculum  and  extra-curriculum  activi- 
ties holds  good,  of  course,  although  Yale  rewards  both ;  but  this 
distinction  is  no  longer  a  sharp  one.  Play  is  recognized  as  the 
proper  complement  of  work ;  and  some  of  the  best  work  in  the  col- 
lege course  is  accomplished  in  the  informal  discussion  of  important 
questions  outside  of  the  class  room.  The  list  of  extra-curriculum 
activities  covers  many  varieties  of  endeavor — literary,  athletic, 
musical,  dramatic.  Business — as  in  the  competition  for  manager- 
ships of  the  many  organizations — is  one  form.  Scholarship — as  in 
the  struggle  for  the  much  coveted  Phi  Beta  Kappa  key — is  another. 
It  is  a  dull  and  insensitive  boy  who  will  not  find  his  life  made  more 
active,  his  mind  quickened  and  enriched,  his  share  of  happiness  made 
larger,  by  participation  in  Yale  life. 

Literary  Life  and  Work 

Literary  life  at  Yale  is  full  of  activity  and  flavor.  It  moves 
through  many  clubs,  of  which  the  Elizabethan  is  chief,  and  spills 
over  into  coteries  who  enjoy  good  talk  of  an  evening  in  dormitory 
rooms,  beneath  the  Campus  elms,  or  at  a  table  in  "Mory's."  Liter- 
ary work  at  Yale  includes  of  course  the  regular  curriculum  work, 
competition  for  literary  prizes  and  is  most  conspicuous  in  the  com- 
petitions for  editorships  upon  the  many  college  periodicals.  Perhaps 
nowhere  else  do  student  publications  nourish  as  at  Yale. 

Of  the  undergraduate  journals  the  Yale  Daily  News  is  the  most 
powerful.     Editorial  positions  on  this  paper  are  most  keenly  striven 


UNDERGRADUATE  ACTIVITIES 


29 


for  and  bring  greatest  responsibility  as  well  as  greatest  honor.  The 
chairman  of  the  News  is  the  uncrowned  kino;  of  the  Campus.  The 
News  was  established  in  1878,  and  is  thus  the  oldest,  college  daily 
in  the  world.  Originally  established  as  a  journal  for  informal 
attack  on  authority  and  tradition,  it  has  now  become  one  of  the 
chief  organs  of  conservative  influence  and  is  one  of  the  greatest 
conserve rs  of  good  deportment  and  good  taste  in  undergraduate  life. 
An  editorial  board  of  some  fourteen  members  from  each  Class  is 
chosen  by  successive  competitions  during  the  first  two  years  of  the 
college  course.  In  each  of  these  competitions  from  twenty  to  fifty 
underclassmen  are  engaged.  As  a  result  of  any  one  competition 
not  more  than  two  or  three  editors  are  chosen.  The  competition 
is  on  the  basis  of  amount  of  accepted  news  submitted  by  the  com- 
peting reporter  or    "heeler,"    and  a  characteristic  of  Campus  life 


"Make-up  Night"    in  the  Office  of  the  Undergraduate 
Journal    "The  Record" 

Editorial  positions  on  the  Yale  papers  are  gained  by  competition.  The  men 
who  have  the  best  record  for  manuscripts  published  in  any  papers  during  ,i 
given  year  or  years  are  elected  to  edit  that  paper  in  their  Senior  Year.  On 
"make-up  night"  the  editors  of  the  undergraduate  comic,  The  Record,  sit  in 
shirt-sleeved  comfort  and  go  over  submitted  manuscripts  with  the  competitors 
or    "heelers." 


30  LIFE   AT  YALE 

at  all  times  is  the  nervous  presence  of  these  News  heelers  darting 
hither  and  thither  over  the  entire  University  in  search  of  items  for 
their  paper.  Probably  nowhere  in  the  world  is  the  news  field  more 
intensively  cultivated  than  on  the  Yale  Campus.  Probably  the 
reporters  for  no  city  newspaper  work  with  such  diligence  and  such 
zest  as  the  heelers  for  the  Yale  News.  Because  of  the  requirement 
of  an  authentic  signature  endorsing  each  item  submitted,  this  college 
paper  has  also  a  reputation  for  printing  accurate  news. 

The  Yale  Literary  Magazine,  founded  in  1836,  is  the  oldest  liter- 
ary monthly  not  only  in  any  of  the  colleges,  but  in  all  America. 
This  paper,  familiarly  known  as  the  "Lit,"  continues  its  highly 
respectable  career.  Not  only  does  the  Lit  represent  the  best  under- 
graduate writing  done  'neath  the  elms,  not  only  does  it  appeal  to 
practically  every  man  who  has  literary  tastes  and  talent,  but  the 
five  men  on  the  board  perform  a  service  to  the  College  by  cheerfully 
acting  as  instructors  in  English  Composition.  Every  man  who 
writes  for  this  paper — and  there  are  a  good  many  of  them — has  the 
privilege  of  calling  upon  an  editor,  and  taking  up  hours  of  his  time 
in  going  over  an  unsuccessful  contribution. 

The  Record  affords  an  outlet  for  the  wit,  satire,  burlesque  and 
humor  of  undergraduate  life.  Here  is  a  field  where  the  contributors 
do  work  of  a  high  order,  and  the  flashes  in  the  Record  are  extensively 
quoted  in  many  parts  of  the  country  by  the  professional  press.  The 
opportunity  is  here  given  for  spontaneous  wit,  native  to  the  college 
undergraduate.  In  the  pages  of  the  Record,  too,  the  large  number 
of  men  in  College  who  are  skilled  with  the  pencil  have  a  chance  in 
the  illustrations  and  cartoons. 

The  Courant,  founded  in  1805,  represents  a  general  kind  of  writ- 
ing midway  betweeen  that  of  the  Lit  and  Record.  It  is  more 
radical,  and  less  traditionally  conservative,  than  either  the  Lit  or 
the  News.  It  fills  somewhat  the  place  in  college  that  the  popular 
magazine  does  in  the  country  at  large. 

All  of  these  journals  are  open  to  contributions,  and  all  of  them, 
except  the  Lit,  are  open  to  editorial  membership  by  undergraduates 
in  both  the  College  and  the  Scientific  School.  In  addition,  SliefY 
has  the  Sheffield  Monthly  as  the  individual  paper  of  that  depart- 
ment. This  paper  is  a  mirror  of  Sheffield  undergraduate  thought, 
as  well  as  a  held  for  the  scientific  writing  of  undergraduates  and 
graduates. 


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One  of  the  must  happy  of  all  the  literary  activities  of  the  students, 
assuredly  the  most  delightful  and  ultimately  the  most  productive,  is 
the  number  of  the  small  clubs  devoted  exclusively  to  the  discussion 
of  literature  and  the  arts.  Most  notable  among  these  clubs  is  the 
Elizabethan  Club,  recently  established  with  a  beautiful  home  of  its 
own,  and  with  a  collection  of  the  most  valuable  rare  and  first  editions 
of  Elizabethan  literature  in  the  Western  Hemisphere.  The  estab- 
lishment of  this  club  has  given  an  impetus  to  book  collecting  as  an 
avocation  among  the  students,  and  the  literary  discussions  of  students 
and  Faculty  in  the  daily  afternoon  receptions  and  evening  meetings 
of  this  club  have  opened  up  to  many  a  man  a  new  attitude  and  a  new 
interest  in  things  literary  and  artistic.  The  Pundits,  an  interest- 
ing club,  also  with  a  literary  motive,  has  existed  intermittently  since 
1884.  Ten  Seniors  compose  the  membership  of  this  club  each  year. 
The  sole  qualification  for  the  honor  of  membership,  which  is  self 
perpetuating,  is  that  a  man  shall  be  "Punditical" :  he  must  have  an 
original  and  interesting  personality,  cultivate  some  hobby  outside  of 
the  regular  student  activities,  and  hate  Philistinism  with  all  his 
soul.     The  meetings  are  held  about  once  in  three  weeks.     The  ten 


Seniors  of  a  Late  Spring  Afternoon  in  the 
Senior  Court 


34 


LIFE  AT  YALE 


men  sit  down  to  dinner  with  a  Faculty  member,  and  spend  the  eve- 
nine,"  talking  about  anything  except  two  subjects,  which  are  strictly 
barred:  athletics  and  polities.  Small  clubs  of  a  somewhat  similar 
nature^  are  the  Stevenson  Club,  Kipling  Club,  etc.,  the  Folio  Club, 
organized  some  years  ago  by  students  who  love  and  own  rare  old 
books,  and  the  Kit-lvat  Club,  consisting  of  all  the  men  who  in 
Freshman  and  Sophomore  year  have  won  literary  prizes. 

Musical  and  Dramatic  Activities 

The  Glee  (dub  and  Dramatic  Association  are  interesting  Yale 
activities.  The  origin  of  the  Glee  Club  was  haphazard.  In  the 
sixties  a  few  fellows  gave  a  concert  of  college  songs  in  one  of  the 
neighboring  towns.  As  the  experiment  proved  unexpectedly  success- 
ful, it  was  repeated  until  there  was  evolved  the  present  Glee  Club 
with  its  allied  Banjo  and  Mandolin  clubs,  its  trips  of  hundreds  of 
miles,  and  its  elaborate  organization. 


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Eights  Starting  from  the  Adee  Boathouse  for  a 
Practice  Row  on  the  New  Haven  Harbor 


By  the  nature  of  its  being,  the  social  qualities  are  less  emphasized 
by  the  Dramatic  Association,  and  those  of  service  more.  A  new- 
comer on  the  Campus,  the  Dramatic  Association  has  achieved  its 
present  high  position  by  the  excellence  of  its  work.  Founded  in  1900 
with  the  aim  of  producing  standard  plays,  such  plays  as  we  all  read 
but  rarely  see,  it  has  already  presented  such  typical  works  as,  of  the 
Elizabethan  drama,  Dekker's  Fair  Maid  of  the  West  and  Beaumont 
and  Fletcher's  Knight  of  the  Burning  Pestle;  of  Shakespeare,  such 
as  Henry  IV ' ,  Part  I  and  The  Taming  of  the  Shrew ;  of  satire,  such 
as  Sheridan's  Critic  and  Wilde's  The  Importance  of  Being  Earnest; 
of  modern  drama,  such  as  Ibsen's  The  Pretenders  (produced  for  the 
first  time  in  America)  and  original  translations  from  the  Italian  and 
Russian.  The  Association  presents  in  Commencement  Week,  1914, 
a  dramatization  of  one  of  Scott's  novels  by  two  undergraduate 
members.  And  the  plays  are  astonishingly  well  done.  The  neces- 
sary lack  of  the  professional  star  is  compensated  by  the  even  balance 
of  the  cast.  Those  who  were  fortunate  enough  to  see  at  a  recent 
Commencement  the  Merry  Wives,  played  as  in  Shakespeare's  time, 
entirely  by  men,  will  never  forget  the  charm  and  delicacy  of  the  old 
comedy  with  the  elms  forming  the  proscenium  arch. 


38 


LIFE  AT  YALE 


Athletics 

Activities  characteristic  of  Yale  are  the  various  forms  of  athletics. 

The  football  teams,  ending  their  annual  season  in  the  spectacular 
Yale-Princeton  and  Yale-Harvard  championship  contests,  are  known 
the  world  over.  These  great  games  have  stirred  the  imagination  of 
school  boys  for  generations.  Football  is  unquestionably  the  most 
popular  as  well  as  the  most  spectacular  of  the  undergraduate  activi- 
ties. Membership  on  the  Yale  football  team  is  the  ideal  of  thou- 
sands of  American  school  boys,  and  just  as  the  chairman  of  the  News 
is  the  most  influential  undergraduate,  so  the  captain  of  the  football 
team  is  the  most  prominent,  often  the  most  popular. 

Athletics  at  Yale  may  be  said  to  include  all  kinds  of  outdoor  sports, 
as  well  as  many  varieties  of  indoor  activities.  Probably  two-thirds 
of  the  men  in  college  at  some  time  during  the  year  take  part  in  some 
form  of  competitive  athletics.  The  new  University  athletic  field, 
which  is  being  provided  by  the  graduates,  is  to  contain  sufficient  play- 
ground space  for  one-half  of  the  undergraduate  body  to  be  engaged 
in  recreative  sport  at  the  same  time.  While  the  chief  interest  is  in 
the  championship  games  of  the  important  teams,  these  contests  com- 
prise but  a  small  part  of  athletic  activity  at  Yale. '  There  is  inter- 
collegiate competition  in  football,  rowing,  baseball,  track  athletics, 


UlTDEEGBADUATES    M  Ai;<  II I  X<;   OUT  TO  YALE  FlELD  TO  ChEEB  THE 

Team   Before  a  Big  Game 


UNDERGRADUATE  ACTIVITIES  39 

tennis,  hockey,  basketball,  golf,  swimming,  soccer  football,  indoor 
gymnastics,  wrestling,  boxing,  fencing  and  shooting.  From  fifty  to 
two  hundred  men  are  actively  engaged  in  competing  for  places  on  the 
University  or  Class  teams  in  almost  every  one  of  these  sports.  The 
entire  Freshman  Class  is  compelled  to  take  athletic  exercise  of  some 
sort;  on  the  regular  teams  if  they  desire  and  are  physically  able, 
otherwise  in  prescribed  gymnastic  exercise. 

The  Class  contests  and  the  preliminary  games  in  major  sports  arc 
carried  on  at  Yale  Field,  an  immense  tract  of  land,  practically  quad- 
rupled in  size  by  the  recent  purchase  of  the  graduate  committee,  and 
now  containing  one  hundred  acres  for  contest  and  play-ground 
purposes. 

In  football,  the  new  "bowl"  will  provide  for  the  seating  of  some 
sixty  thousand  spectators  at  the  big  games.  The  new  field  is  also 
to  provide  for  a  half  dozen  gridirons  for  the  use  in  play  and  practice 
of  as  many  Class  and   "Scrub"   teams. 

Many  diamonds  provide  for  baseball  practice  and  contests  in  the 
spring.  The  interest  in  the  championship  baseball  games  at  Com- 
mencement time  is  enhanced  by  the  gay  crowds  of  relatives  and 
friends  of  the  Seniors  and  by  the  parti-colored  bands  of  graduates 
returned  for  their  Class  reunions.  Baseball  contests  that  have  for 
generations  enlivened  the  spring  term  have  been  the  crossing  of 
bats  between  the  "Yale  and  Harvard  High  Brows,"  the  members 
of  Phi  Beta  Kappa  at  these  universities,  and  the  contest  between  the 
undergraduate  high  stand  scholars  and  the  members  of  the  Faculty. 

In  rowing,  a  large  boat  house  and  the  wide  stretch  of  the  New 
Haven  Harbor  provide  facilities  that  are  in  use  during  the  fall  and 
spring  by  a  score  of  eight  and  four-oared  crews,  as  well  as  for 
individual  and  dual  sculling.  The  annual  races  with  the  Harvard 
crews  take  place  on  the  Thames  river  near  New  London,  Conn., 
immediately  following  the  commencements  of  the  two  universities. 

Track  athletics  provide  exercise  and  diversion  for  many,  and  the 
outlying  streets  of  the  city  at  the  beginning  of  each  season  are 
streaked  with  squads  of  these  track  athletes  in  early  training.  In 
championship  competition,  dual  track  meets  are  held  with  Harvard 
and  Princeton,  followed,  late  in  the  spring,  by  the  intercollegiate 
meet,  which  includes  competitors  from  many  colleges. 

The  immense  gymnasium  floor  provides  space  for  basketball  prac- 
tice and  contests,  as  well  as  for  general  gymnastic  exercises.     Special 


40  LIFE  AT  YALE 

rooms  in  the  gymnasium  are  adapted  for  wrestling,  fencing,  boxing, 
handball  and  squash.  The  Carnegie  pool,  one  of  the  largest  and 
finest  in  the  country,  provides  unusual  facilities  for  swimming,  and 
a  knowledge  and  practice  of  swimming  is  required  of  every  Fresh- 
man. A  large  skating  rink  guarantees  a  supply  of  ice  throughout 
the  winter  for  hockey.  Tennis  courts  in  many  places,  on  college  and 
city  ground,  and  the  golf  links  of  the  Racebrook  Country  Club  pro- 
vide an  opportunity  for  enjoyment  and  contest  in  these  games. 
Soccer  football  is  played  on  Yale  Field.  The  Gun  Club  has  grounds 
near  the  regular  athletic  field. 

The  management  of  athletics  at  Yale,  in  itself  an  extensive  activ- 
ity, is  in  the  hands  of  the  students  themselves.  Each  of  the  major 
sports  of  football,  rowing,  baseball  and  track  has  an  organization  of 
its  own.  Another  organization  governs  the  remaining  minor  sports. 
These  organizations  are  united  in  the  general  organization,  ''The 
Yale  University  Athletic  Association,"  composed  of  the  undergrad- 
uate captains  and  managers  of  each  of  the  major  sports,  the  president 
of  the  Minor  Athletic  Association,  and  five  graduates  selected  by 
the  undergraduate  captains.  The  financial  organization  of  this 
association,  by  a  cooperative  principle,  provides  for  the  heavy 
expenses  of  such  sports  as  rowing,  track,  etc.,  from  the  large 
receipts  of  the  football  and  baseball  teams.  The  general  athletic 
organization  makes  the  rules  for  insignia,  determining  what  a  man 
must  do  to  be  allowed,  to  wear  a  "Y"  on  his  sweater  and  be  known  as 
a  "Y"  man.  These  rules  change  somewhat  from  time  to  time,  but 
in  general  the  award  of  the  "Y"  is  given  to  all  those  who  play  in 
the  final  championship  contests  in  football,  baseball  and  rowing,  who 
win  points  in  intercollegiate  or  championship  dual  track  games,  and 
to  a  few  who  win  special  marked  successes  in  minor  athletics.  Those 
who  represent  their  Class  in  final  athletic  contests  are  awarded  their 
Class  numerals.  In  general,  the  principle  of  undergraduate  con- 
trol of  athletics  has  always  been  maintained  at  Yale.  The  schedules 
of  contests,  the  eligibility  rules,  and  such  matters  are  submitted  to 
the  Faculty  for  approval,  but  it  has  been  traditional  for  the  under- 
graduate to  have  the  first  interest  and,  subject  only  to  a  necessary 
right  of  Faculty  veto,  the  final  decision  in  all  matters  touching  his 
athletic  affairs  as  well  as  his  literary,  musical  and  society  interests. 


UKDERGRADrATE  ACTIVITIES  41 

Social  Life 

All  of  the  undergraduate  activities  are,  of  course,  part  of  the  -in- 
dent's social  life.  Under  the  Yale  society  system  participation  in 
these  activities  becomes  not  only  a  part  of  social  life  but  an  item 
in  the  friendly  rivalry  for  social  honors.  The  traditional  social  sys- 
tem in  the  college  provides  not  only  for  election  to  societies  early  in 
the  course,  but  for  other  selected  and  more  desired  social  honors  of 
Senior  year.  In  the  Scientific  School  this  dual  social  system  does 
not  exist,  but  the  honor  of  membership  on  the  Senior  councils  and 
the  numerous  important,  if  less  concrete,  awards  of  social  honor 
maintain  the  contest  for  distinction  in  both  undergraduate  depart- 
ments up  to  the  last  year  of  the  course.  In  the  Scientific  School 
the  upperclass  society  members,  comprising  about  one-half  the  men 
of  any  Class,  live  in  their  society  houses.  In  the  College  all  men 
live  together  in  dormitories  provided  or  approved  by  the  College, 
and  membership  or  non-membership  in  a  society  does  not  in  any 
way  affect  the  place  of  a  man's  residence. 

Life  at  Yale  is  complex,  many  sided,  marked  by  constant  competi- 
tion, enriched  by  facilities  for  social  intercourse.  In  general,  life  at 
Yale  is  clean  and  fair  and  healthy,  and  richer  and  more  inspiring 
than  any  which  these  same  men  have  lived,  or  will  live  at  any  other 
period  of  their  lives. 

From  papers  by 

Wm.  Lyon  Phelps,  Class  of  18 87, 
Johx  M.  Bekdan,  Class  of  1890, 
Walter  Camp,  Class  of  1880. 


THE  RELIGIOUS  LIFE  AT  YALE 

Perhaps  the  most  striking  thing  about  the  religious  life  at  Yale 
is  its  reality.  Nowhere  as  much  as  in  college  are  sham  and 
pretense  avoided  and  certain  it  is  that  here  at  Yale  the  voluntary 
religious  life  of  the  University  hears  testimony  to  this  in  a  marked 
degree.  Here  Christian  truths  are  real  to  men  and  the  Freshman 
who  comes  to  college  with  the  desire  to  develop  a  well-rounded  char- 
acter will  find  some  of  the  strongest  men  in  the  University  leading 
in  what,  to  them,  is  not  merely  an  organization,  but  a  life.  He  will 
have  the  stimulating  power  of  their  friendships  to  help  him  in  the 
battles  that  he  must  fight  during  his  four  years  of  college — a  strik- 
ing contrast  to  the  influence  of  the  imaginary  "evil  companion-  ' 
with  whom  fond  parents  often  populate  a  college  community.  He 
may  know  all  this  for  himself  if  he  will  but  ally  himself  with 
the  organized  Christian  work. 

The  organized  voluntary  Christian  work  at  Yale  may  be  said 
to  have  started  with  the  Christian  Social  Union  in  1879.  This 
name  was  changed  in  1881  to  "'The  Yale  Young  Men's  Christian 
Association"  and  has  since  grown  into  seven  departmental  associa- 
tions under  the  general  name  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Associa- 
tion of  Yale  University.  The  seven  departments  having  their 
separate  organizations  are  :  College,  Sheffield,  Graduate,  Law,  Medi- 
cine, Theology,  and  Forestry.  These  associations,  by  means  of  Bible 
classes,  religious  meetings,  social  and  mission  work,  oft'er  to  men 
the  means  for  expressing  and  developing  their  Christian  faith. 

Membership  in  the  Association  is  of  two  kinds:  active  and  asso- 
ciate. Active  membership  is  open  to  all  members  of  evangelical 
churches  or  those  who  (in  case  they  do  not  happen  to  be  members 
of  churches)  will  consent  to  an  evangelical  statement.  The  asso- 
ciate membership  is  open  to  all  who  do  not  care  to  become  active 
members. 

The  departments  having  the  largest  associations  are  College 
and  Sheffield.  The  work  of  the  College  Association  finds  its  center 
in  a  building  on  the  College  Campus,  known  as  Dwight  Hall,  while 
the  work  of  the  Sheffield  Association  lias  its  home  in  a  building 
known  as   Dyers   Hall  on  the  Sheffield   Campus.      The  work  of  the 


RELIGIOIS   LI  IK 


43 


Christian  Association  in  these  two  departments  is  called  by  the 
name  of  the  building  in  which  it  centers.  Thus  a  man  enter- 
ing the  College  would  hear  about  the  "Dwight  Hall  work"  while 
a  Sheffield  Freshman  would  hear  of  the  "'Byers  Hall  work."  These 
two  buildings  are  also  used  by  the  associations  of  the  other  depart- 
ments for  their  meetings. 

On  Sunday  evenings  in  Dwight  Hall  and  on  Wednesday  evenings 
in  Byers  Hall  are  held  the  voluntary  religious  meetings  of  the  Uni- 
versity. At  these  meetings  are  heard  some  of  the  best  college  preach- 
ers as  wrell  as  some  of  the  most  successful  Christian  laymen  of  this 
country.  Bible  classes  under  Faculty  leadership  are  held  on  Wednes- 
day evenings  in  Dwight  Hall  and  on  Friday  evenings  in  Byers  Hall. 
Bible  study  is  also  carried  on  by  means  of  informal  groups  of  men 
who  meet  once  a  week  in  the  dormitories  to  discuss  some  problem 
connected  with  the  living  out  of  the  teachings  of  Christ.  The 
whole  aim  of  the  Bible  study  work  is  to  stimulate  men  by  show- 
ing them  what  the  Bible  can  acomplish  in  a  man's  life. 

Besides  the  work  conducted  by  and  for  the  students  of  the  Uni- 
versity   there    is    much    done    by    the    Association    in    the    city    of 


Watching  tiie  Spring  Regatta  on  Lake  Whitney 


44  LIFE  AT  YALE 

New  Haven.  The  foreign  population  is  large  and  some  fifty  men 
are  engaged  each  year  in  teaching  English,  civics,  mechanical  draw- 
ing, etc.,  to  foreigners.  This  is  known  as  the  industrial  work.  The 
Yale  Hope  Mission,  which  is  a  rescue  mission  for  abandoned  men, 
is  a  tremendous  source  of  inspiration  for  all  kinds  of  Christian 
work.  Here  one  may  see  the  religion  of  Christ  at  work,  reclaiming 
and  remaking  men. 

The  above  organizations,  together  with  many  smaller  boys'  clubs, 
Sunday  school  classes,  special  classes,  etc.,  provide  the  means  of 
expression  which  must  of  necessity  follow  impression  if  any  strength 
of  character  is  to  be  formed. 

These  activities  are  a  part  of  the  Christian  work  at  Yale.  They 
are  open  to  men  of  all  departments  of  the  University,  but  because 
of  the  question  of  time  the  two  departments  of  the  College  and  Shef- 
field furnish  by  far  the  greater  proportion  of  men.  Upon  entering 
any  department,  however,  a  man  will  find  strong  Christian  influ- 
ences, and  the  time  which  he  may  be  able  to  give  will  be  in  demand 
for  some  form  of  religious  work. 

The  Christian  Association  at  Yale  stands  high  in  the  regard  of 
the  Campus.  We  believe  that  in  few  universities  is  the  feeling 
so  strongly  in  favor  of  Christian  ideals  as  at  Yale.  The  man  who 
comes  to  Yale  with  a  sympathetic  attitude  towards  religious  things 
finds  a  high  moral  plane,  a  willingness  on  the  part  of  most  men  to 
work  hard,  an  unwarped  sense  of  recreation  and  fun,  and  above  all, 
the  companionship  of  men,  to  whom  Christianity  is  not  merely  a  creed 
but  the  more  abundant  kind  of  life. 

Sherwood  S.  Day,  Class  of  1911. 


WORKING  ONE'S  WAY 

What  does  Yale  mean  for  the  man  who  is  working  his  way? 
What  she  means  to  others  we  all  hear  repeatedly;  but  what  kind 
of  life  does  she  give  to  the  penniless  or  almost  penniless  boy,  who 
has  nothing  but  brains  and  courage  to  carry  him  through?  The 
life  she  offers  for  such  men  contains  many  hardships,  especially  at 
first;  but  it  also  contains  many  pleasant  experiences  which  a  man 
would  not  willingly  lose. 

As  in  most  experiences,  the  hardest  part  is  usually  the  first  dip. 
The  boy  has  probably  gone  to  see  the  wrestling  matches  the  night 
before  college  opens,  and  has  been  as  wildly  enthusiastic  there  as 
anybody.  But  as  he  steals  back  late  at  night,  all  alone,  to  the  remote 
little  chamber  which  is  all  that  he  can  afford,  he  is  apt  to  feel  with 
a  sinking  of  the  heart  that  his  undertaking  is  big  and  he  is  small. 
All  things  in  his  life,  classmates,  customs,  recitations,  are  new  and 
strange;  and  the  whole  world  seems  to  have  entered  into  a  con- 
spiracy to  make  Freshmen  feel  their  insignificance,  a  thing  he  felt 
too  strongly  already. 

If  he  is  the  right  kind  of  man,  however,  he  will  not  yield  to 
depression.  He  must  do  or  die ;  and  the  right  kind  of  Yale 
man  prefers  to  "do."  In  a  day  or  two  we  find  him  at  the  Self- 
Help  Bureau,  a  bureau  organized  on  purpose  to  give  needy  students 
work,  if  possible.  Here  he  is  able  to  find,  perhaps,  a  place  where 
he  may  earn  his  meals  by  waiting  on  table  ;  and  in  a  fortnight,  it  may 
be,  he  can  get  a  position  taking  care  of  some  one's  grounds  and  fur- 
nace for  two  dollars  a  week.  The  future  indicated  by  such  offers 
is  not  exactly  golden ;  but  he  is  there  to  fight  out  his  fight  in  the 
good  old  Yale  way,  so  he  accepts  what  he  can  get,  and  plunges  ahead. 

Soon  his  life  falls  into  a  definite  routine.  Early  in  the  morning, 
passing  the  Campus  buildings  on  his  way  to  work,  he  imagines  that 
he  catches  from  neighboring  dormitories  the  snores  of  his  more  lux- 
urious classmates.  This  thought,  however,  is  not  wholly  one  of  envy. 
He  is  already  beginning  to  feel  the  excitement  of  a  fight  well  fought, 
and  a  certain  strenuous  pleasure  in  building  his  own  road  to  success. 
He  studies  hard,  partly  to  win  the  resulting  deduction  in  tuition, 
partly  to  gain  a  chance  to  earn  money  by  tutoring,  and  still  more 


WOEKING  ONE'S  WAY  47 

because  the  sacrifices  which  he  is  making'  for  his  education  teach  him 
bow  much  that  education  is  worth.  He  makes  friends  slowly,  not 
because  he  is  poor  but  because  he  is  unknown  and  always  in  a  hurry, 
nevertheless  he  does  make  friends  and  begins  to  catch  glimpses  of  the 
gnat   warm  heart  beating  in  undergraduate  life. 

If  he  is  a  good  student  he  soon  gets  a  recommendation  from  his 
instructors  to  tutor  in  those  subjects  which  he  knows  best.  Oppor- 
tunities to  do  this  come  all  too  rarely;  but  since  the  minimum  price 
is  a  dollar  an  hour,  even  a  few  hours  of  such  work  furnish  a  welcome 
addition  to  a  boy's  depleted  purse.  Also,  such  work  often  brings 
something  better  than  money.  It  brings  the  poor  tutor  into  touch 
with  classmates  whom  he  otherwise  might  never  meet;  and  although 
they  often  look  on  him  with  reserve  at  first,  many  of  them  will 
eventually  become  his  friends  if  he  really  has  the  manhood  and  warm 
heart  that  command  friendship.  There  can  be  few  better  proofs  of 
Yale  democracy  than  the  picture  often  seen  on  the  eve  of  an 
important  examination,  when  a  strenuous  night's  work  of  tutoring 
is  over,  and  teacher  and  taught  relax  for  a  genial  social  hour  together 
over  a  midnight  lunch. 

By  maintaining  a  good  stand,  the  struggling  student  at  the  end 
of  the  first  term  may  increase  the  amount  of  his  tuition  scholar- 
ship, the  money  from  which  wholly  or  in  large  part  pays  his  tui- 
tion. This  money  is  usually  not  given  outright  by  the  University, 
but  it  is  lent  without  interest  for  a  period  of  several  years,  until 
the  student  is  able  to  pay  it  back  without  severe  hardship  to 
himself.  A  good  scholar  may  pay  all  or  nearly  all  of  his  tuition 
through  college  by  this  means :  and  he  may  also  win  other  prizes 
and  scholarships  for  which  the  different  classes  in  turn  are  eligible. 

Freshman  year  passes,  and  Sophomore  and  Junior  years  follow. 
The  student  has  now  practically  solved  his  financial  problem.  He 
has  to  work  hard  and  will  have  to  work  hard  through  all  his  college 
course;  but  he  knows  now  that,  as  long  as  he  is  willing  to  work, 
he  can  find  ways  of  completing  his  education.  Now  he  has  time  to 
consider  another  problem,  how  to  take  an  active  part  in  the  social 
life  of  his  Class.  In  too  many  institutions  what  is  best  in  under- 
graduate social  life  is  forever  closed  to  the  self-help  man.  At  Yale. 
such  experience  may  be  belated  by  a  man's  poverty;  but  if  he  is  the 
right  kind  of  man  he  may  be  sure  that  it  will  come  in  time.  Just 
how  it  comes  no  one  knows ;    but  the  poor  man  who  has  any  special 


4S  LIFE  AT  YALE 

gift  in  him  sooner  or  later  will  find  leisure  to  exercise  it,  in  spite 
of  the  heavy  demands  on  his  time.  One  sturdy  lad,  who  before 
entering  college  had  never  done  anything  in  athletics,  becomes  a 
promising  football  man  in  Junior  year;  and  in  mingled  joy  and 
terror,  under  the  good-natured  coaching  of  a  friendly  "blue  blood," 
actually  blossoms  out  in  full  dress  at  the  Junior  Prom  as  one  of  the 
"big  men"  of  the  Class.  Or  again,  we  see  the  shy  son  of  a  country 
parson,  a  boy  who  had  been  a  nobody  in  his  Class  at  first,  become 
one  of  the  five  editors  of  the  Lit;  and  as  he  sits  with  his  colleagues 
in  the  Lit's  warm  sanctum  on  "make-up"  nights  he  hears  the  trem- 
bling steps  of  the  "heelers"  in  the  Class  below,  who  are  waiting  for 
the  verdict  of  Yale's  literary  supreme  court.  To  be  sure,  there  is 
little  rest  in  such  a  life :  money  to  earn  when  the  man  is  not 
studying;  outside  interests  to  labor  for  when  he  is  not  earning 
money ;  but  when  a  man  feels  that  he  is  "making  good,"  that  every 
day  is  bringing  new  knowledge,  new  friendships,  new  experience,  no 
matter  how  tired  he  may  creep  to  bed,  he  feels  that  "the  game  is 
worth  the  candle." 

Then  comes  Senior  year,  the  most  friendly,  sincere,  and  demo- 
cratic year  in  undergraduate  life.  The  long  leisure  hours  and 
expensive  outings  in  which  wealthy  Seniors  indulge,  the  self- 
help  man  cannot  reasonably  expect;  but  all  that  is  best  and  most 
significant  in  Senior  year,  the  opportunity  to  be  a  leader  in  his 
Class ;  the  opportunity  to  form  lifelong  friendships  ;  the  opportunity 
to  grow  more  intelligent  and  manly  by  mixing  with  intelligent  and 
manly  young  men— all  this  is  open  to  the  poorest  man  in  the  class, 
if  he,  in  right  of  his  own  character  and  achievements,  deserves  it. 
As  the  man  who  has  worked  his  way  marches  in  the  long  procession 
of  graduating  Seniors  on  Commencement  day,  he  may  heave  a  sigh 
of  relief  that  the  most  arduous  period  of  his  life  is  over.  Yet  his 
second  sigh  will  be  one  of  regret  that  so  many  precious  experiences 
are  things  of  the  past.  And  some  of  those  men  would  go  through 
fire  and  water  rather  than  lose  what  those  four  years  have  meant  to 
them  and  will  mean  to  them  in  the  future. 

Frederick  E.  Pierce,  Class  of  1904. 


Graduates  at  a  Dinner  in  Chicago  Listening  to  Telephone 
Speech  Delivered  by  President  Hadley  in  New  Haven 


GRADUATE  INTEREST  AND  ORGANIZATION 

When  all  is  said  and  done,  Yale's  chief  business  is  manufacturing 
graduates.  Men  enter  Yale  in  order  to  leave  it.  Somewhere  in  my 
memory  there  is  lurking  a  sentence  about  history  being  a  series  of 
biographies.  There  is  a  smell  of  the  class  room  about  it — a  sense 
of  the  breeze  from  New  Haven  Harbor  and  of  loose-leaf  note  books. 
Some  sub-vice-under-instructor  of  old  Yale  lectured  that  epigram 
at  me.  Now  I'll  fling  it  back  in  Yale's  face.  Yale  is  just  a  series 
of  graduates.     They're  her  measure,  her  excuse. 

That  is  true  not  merely  because  Yale  is  a  graduate  factory. 
There's  another  reason  for  it,  and  the  story  of  that  other  reason  is 
an  endless  surprise  and  delight  to  me.  The  "recipients  of  degrees," 
as  the  catalogue  calls  them,  never  really  graduate  away  from  Yale. 
On  the  contrary  they  return  to  her,  to  crowd  into  her  halls  from 
all  New  England,  whenever  there  is  an  excuse  for  a  day's  holiday. 


:>0  LIFE  AT  YALE 

They  come  back  to  join  her  teaching'  corps.  They  criticize  her 
mercilessly  and  joyously,  they  indignantly  meet  and  organize  and 
resolute  whenever  there  is  a  new  professor  to  install  or  an  old  flag- 
stone walk  to  remove.  They  build  her  dormitories,  and  pay  her 
professors,  and  bolster  her  over  the  hard  places,  and  get  their  fingers 
caught  in  her  machinery.  Sometimes  they  snub  all  her  idols  of 
scholarship  and  professorial  research.  And  once  a  year  nearly  every 
one  of  them  meets  somewhere,  be  it  in  Hartford  or  Honolulu,  be  he 
a  last  year's  B.A.  or  a  reverend  gentleman  of  '60,  and  sings  and 
cheers  himself  hoarse  all  one  long  night  for  the  simple  and  solitary 
reason  that  he  went  to  Yale  like  the  other  men  beside  him.  He  does 
not  always  argue  the  cause  of  all  this.  But  he  knows  there  is  going 
inarching  through  his  brain  a  regiment  of  old  memories,  gorgeous 
and  proud  and  tattered — like  the  ranks  of  ancient  battle  flags  that 
hang  above  the  aisles  in  so  many  of  England's  churches.  The  loyalty 
of  a  college  graduate  is  one  of  the  most  extraordinary  and  one  of  the 
humanest  things  in  the  world. 

The  graduates  of  Yale  are  thoroughly  organized.  That  is  one 
reason,  I  suppose,  why  their  accumulated  enthusiasm  is  sometimes 
so  overwhelming.  To  the  best  of  my  knowledge,  no  college  in  the 
world  has  the  great  federated  outposts  of  past-students  that  Yale  has. 
Nearly  every  first-size  city  in  America  has  some  kind  of  a  Yale  asso- 
ciation. New  York  has  a  full-fledged  Yale  Club, — on  Forty-fourth 
Street,  with  a  building,  and  a  mortgage  I  think,  and  a  membership 
as  long  as  Tammany  Hall,  and  all  the  other  modern  things  essential 
to  an  adult  club.  All  the  large  eastern  and  southern  towns  have  a 
Yale  association.  Some  of  them  are  almost  ancient.  Even  out  in 
Denver,  where  the  city  is  only  fifty  years  old,  there  is  a  big  Yale 
Association  founded  more  than  thirty  years  ago.  China,  Hawaii 
and  Japan  all  have  them.  There  are  eleven  sprinkled  over  New 
York  State  alone,  and  five  on  the  Pacific  coast.  Many  of  the  groups 
are  business-like  organizations,  exhibiting  an  exchequer,  a  corporate 
charter  and  other  solemnities.  Some  of  them,  particularly  those  in 
the  far  corners  of  the  earth,  are  like  the  multitude  of  London  clubs 
that  Dickens  wrote  about.  They  consist  only  of  a  secretary  and  an 
annual  banquet.  It  is  the  commonest  thing  in  the  world  to  read  an 
account  in  the  Alumni  Weekly  of  half  a  dozen  Yale  men  meeting  by 
chance  in  some  Oriental  port,  dining  together  and  sending  a  report 
of  the  incident  six  or  eight  thousand  miles  to  New  Haven.     The 


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52  LIFE  AT  YALE 

last  figures  show  nearly  eighteen  thousand  living  Yale  graduates 
and  thousands  more  former  students  who  never  took  the  last  hurdle 
and  got  a  degree.  In  her  two  hundred  odd  years,  Yale  has  delivered 
a  sheepskin  to  some  twenty-seven  thousand  men  and  turned  them 
away  with  Godspeed.  The  students  in  New  Haven  catch  sight  of 
quaint  old  figures  every  morning,  looking  for  some  half -for  gotten 
landmark  that  has  probably  been  unvisited  for  a  quarter  of  a 
century. 

The  graduate  associations  are  not  mere  reunion  clubs.  Most  of 
them  maintain  a  fund  which  loans  money  to  men  who  want  to  work 
their  way  through  Yale.  Some  of  them  spend  hundreds  of  dollars  a 
year  at  this.  Nearly  all  of  them  are  informal  employment  bureaus, 
and  many  a  Yale  man  in  America  owes  his  right  to  a  pay-envelope 
to  the  graduates  in  his  neighborhood.  New  York  City  and  Chicago 
have  full-fledged  offices  for  this  object.  The  associations  take  an 
active  part  in  the  work  of  the  central  graduate  Board  and  often 
campaign  in  the  election  for  the  six  graduates  who  serve  on  the 
"Corporation,"    the  governing  body  of  the  University. 

The  organization  of  graduates  does  not  end  with  the  scattered 
garrisons.  For  one  thing  there  are  big  leagues  of  clubs  called  the 
Associated  Western  Yale  Clubs,  the  Associated  New  England  Yale 
Clubs,  and  the  Southern  Federation  of  Yale  Clubs.  These  hold 
annual  conventions.  For  another,  the  several  associations  elect  dele- 
gates to  the  Alumni  Advisory  Board.  This  is  a  sort  of  central 
congress  which  is  the  official  mouthpiece  for  the  scattered  army  of 
graduates.  It  makes  reports  on  solemn  affairs  like  financial  prob- 
lems, tuition,  and  entrance  requirements.  Just  now  as  I  write  it 
is  building  a  great  athletic  stadium  called  the  "Bowl."  That  Board 
publishes  this  pamphlet.  Another  big  central  headquarters  goes 
under  the  name  of  the  "Alumni  University  Fund  Association  of 
Yale."  This  body  handles  the  flood  of  contributions  ranging  from 
somebody's  loyal  one  dollar  to  somebody  else's  hundred  thousand 
dollars,  which  streams  into  the  University  every  year  from  graduates 
in  the  four  corners  of  the  earth.  More  than  three  thousand  men 
contribute  something  to  this  fund  every  year. 

Besides  all  this  work  of  general  organization,  each  Yale  Class  keeps 
up  steam  in  its  boilers  from  the  first  embarrassed  lecture  hour  of 
Freshman  year  until  the  last  survivor  quietly  drops  out  of  his  page 
in   "The  Directory  of  Living  Graduates."     Every  Class,  as  it  comes 


GRADUATE  INTEREST  53 

to  Senior  year,  picks  out  a  Secretary  who  is  to  remain  the  permanent 

custodian  of  its  records.  A  fund  is  made  up  to  carry  on  the  work 
and  to  print  the  Class  hooks  that  come  out  every  now  and  then  with  a 
chronicle  of  each  man's  career,  the  news  of  his  marriage,  his  chil- 
dren, and,  after  a  while,  of  his  grandchildren.  The  University 
maintains  a  Class  Secretaries  Bureau  whoso  business  it  is  to  keep 
this  machinery  moving.  It  prods  np  the  tardy  secretaries  and  helps 
all  with  the  routine  of  statistics.  When  the  Class  is  finally  extinct. 
the  fund  reverts  to  the  University. 

Most  of  the  younger  classes,  whose  membership  is  still  undepletcd 
and  whose  bald  spots  are  still  inconspicuous,  have  annual  Class  din- 
ners in  some  convenient  big  city.  At  these  the  committee  in  charge 
always  announces  that  a  "long  distance  cup"  will  be  presented  to  the 
member  who  has  come  the  farthest  to  attend  the  dinner. 

The  greatest  of  the  Class  jubilees,  however, — and  to  many  Yaie 
men  the  greatest  events  in  their  lives — are  the  Commencement 
reunions.  Nobody  knows  where  this  custom  started,  but  at  present 
tradition  decrees  that  the  third,  the  sixth,  the  tenth,  and  then  about 
every  fifth  year  on,  from  graduation,  each  Yale  Class  shall  gather  its 
clans  at  the  University  Commencement  exercises.  Each  Class  does. 
Tradition  likewise  decrees  that  each  of  the  younger  reunion  classes 
shall  for  two  days  and  two  nights  appear  only  in  costume,  and 
whether  tradition  has  issued  any  papal  bulls  on  this  point  or  not, 
the  fact  is  that  the  costumes  are  "sui  generis"  and  "ne  plus  ultra" 
to  the  last  inch.  A  Class  dinner  or  two  is  held,  the  "Class  Boy" 
(the  first  son  born  to  any  member)  is  proclaimed  and  installed,  the 
classes  march  to,  and  usually  completely  into  and  over,  the  Com- 
mencement baseball  game ;  the  president  of  the  University,  the  dean 
and  a  favorite  professor  or  two  are  called  upon  for  a  speech  on  the 
front  porch,  and  the  members  scatter  again  to  their  work-a-day  life. 
It  isn't  exactly  a  dignified  proceeding,  after  all ;  but  I  know  supreme 
court  judges  and  gray-haired  men  of  God  who  talk  as  if  they  only 
tolerated  life  between  one  reunion  and  another. 

In  all  these  Class  activities,  the  Yale  Alumni  Weekly  plays  a  great 
part.  Out  of  a  heap  of  new  magazines  on  the  library  table,  I  catch 
myself  picking  up  this  first  from  among  them,  and  I  find,  too,  that 
when  it  is  in  my  hand,  I  turn  first  to  the  back  pages  where  they 
publish  casual  notes  of  my  scattered  classmates.  Its  bountiful  illus- 
trations, its  record  of  undergraduate  events,  its  pages  of  fiery  corre- 


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GRADUATE   [NTEKEST 

spondence  over  some  recent  Yale  defeat  or  victory,  the  accounts  of 
polar  expeditions  and  new  dormitory  buildings  everything  that 
goes  to  make  it  one  of  the  most  efficient  magazines  in  America — have 
their  turn.  But  the  baeknumbers  all  open  in  your  hand  to  a  certain 
part  of  "Alumni  Notes,"  among  the  advertisements.  Only  yester- 
day afternoon,  it  seems,  we  were  the  newest  Class,  down  at  the  end  of 
the  long  columns.  Only  a  little  while  ago  the  notes  were  all  records 
of  young  men  entering  business.  There  aren't  many  of  those  now. 
Then  there  was  a  period  of  marriage  announcements,  and  then  a 
blizzard  of  sons  and  daughters,  all  named  after  their  fathers  whom  I 
knew.  The  notes  of  my  Class  are  steadily  moving  to  the  head  of  the 
column.     They  are  growing  fewer.     There  is  less  to  record. 

About  the  graduates  of  Yale  as  individuals,  volumes  can  be  and 
have  been  written.  One  of  our  graduates,  a  little  while  ago,  was 
President  of  the  United  States  and  is  still  the  titular  head  of  a 
great  political  party.  Another  Yale  graduate  is  the  captain  of  the 
Conservation  movement,  and  a  leader  in  another  great  party.  Many 
younger  universities  and  colleges  have  been  founded  by  the  labors 
of  Yale  graduates,  and  I  can  count  off-hand  judges,  state  governors, 
poets,  writers  and  men  of  science,  among  them, — a  list  in  which 
every  name  would  be  familiar  to  you.  Notwithstanding  all  this, 
the  real  pride  of  Yale  in  her  graduates  rests  on  another  ground. 
One  man  has  said  that  in  his  experience,  wherever  the  civic  warfare 
was  sternest,  wherever  he  felt  the  pressure  for  good  citizenship  the 
severest,  he  found  Yale  men  around  him.  That  sort  of  idea  among 
her  graduates  is  Yale's  boast.  Her  pride  is  in  a  legion  of  sturdy 
citizens,  mostly  undistinguished,  always  intelligent  and  helpful,  who 
have  been  for  two  centuries  scattering  from  her  doors  to  every 
corner  of  the  world. 

A  few  years  ago  the  two  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  founda- 
tion of  Yale  University — the  Bicentennial  as  it  is  familiarly  called — 
was  celebrated  in  New  Haven.  It  was  a  great  festival,  marked  by 
years  of  preparation  and  rich  gifts  to  the  institution,  attended  by 
official  representatives  from  many  countries,  lasting  for  days  and 
conducted  with  all  the  pomp  and  display  of  the  world's  great  con- 
claves. The  graduates,  in  particular,  flocked  in  hundreds  to  New 
Haven.  One  night  in  the  course  of  the  celebration,  a  sort  of  torch- 
light review  of  epochs  in  Yale  history  was  given  before  the  visitors 
and  the  students  in  the  Campus.     When  I  stop  to  think  of  the  grad- 


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GEADUATE   [NTEREST  57 

uates  of  Yale,  as  time  carries  me  <m  in  its  current,  I  find  that  my 
recollections,  always  reenact  that  night.  We  Freshmen  were  huddled 
in  benches  close  down  by  the  footlights.  The  glare  of  the  artificial 
illumination  made  the  dormitories  and  the  elms  around  us  inky 
black,  and  the  darkness  behind  us  was  impenetrable.  Banked  behind 
and  around  in  a  sort  of  amphitheatre  were  the  graduates,  Class  by 
Class,  in  tiers  of  temporary  seats  rising  high  above  our  heads.  We 
could  not  see  them.  Only  our  knowledge  of  the  arrangements  and  a 
rustle  in  the  dark  told  us  that  they  were  there.  Something  started 
them  cheering.  As  I  think  of  it  now,  there's  a  lump  comes  into  my 
throat  and  a  stir  in  my  pulse.  The  Class  of  Nineteen  Hundred  stood 
up  in  the  dark  and  cheered  for  'Seventy-eight,  and  'Seventy-eight 
cheered  them.  Class  after  Class  picked  up  the  cheer  and  flung  it  back 
across  the  arena.  The  roar  of  the  voices  of  those  invisible  men  is 
rumbling  to  and  fro  across  my  memory  now.  It  was  the  roar  of  old 
Yale's  machinery,  the  sound  of  the  business  of  making  men,  accumu- 
lated for  a  long  two  hundred  years.  I  cannot  remember  the  play  they 
played  that  night,  or  what  man  sat  at  my  side,  but  I  do  know  that 
three  hundred  Freshmen  learned  with  me  a  little  of  what  it  is  to 
be  a  graduate  of  Yale. 

James  Grafton  Rogers,  Class  of  1905. 


6 


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THE  YALE  MAN'S  NEW  HAVEN 

The  city  in  which  a  student  at  Yale  finds  himself  is  a  typical 
New  England  manufacturing-  center,  strongly  affected  in  aspect  and 
character  by  the  great  University  which  is  its  best  known  citizen. 
It  is  situated  on  Long  Island  Sound  seventy-three  miles  east  of  New 
York  City  and  forms  a  natural  gateway  to  New  England.  A  city 
of  one  hundred  and  forty-five  thousand  inhabitants,  it  gives  the 
impression  of  being  a  much  smaller  town.  This  impression  of  a 
large  New  England  village  rather  than  a  city  comes  from  the  lack 
of  a  highly  centralized  business  section,  the  scattered  distribution  of 
the  manufactories  and  residences,  and  from  the  spacious  and  beau- 
tiful Green,  which  occupies  four  large  blocks  in  the  city's  center. 
The  College  Campus  is  situated  near  the  old  geographic  center  of 
the  city,  in  its  present  business  section.  Standing  at  the  west  of  the 
old  city  Green,  and  at  the  north  of  the  principal  business  street 
(Chapel  Street),  the  old  College  Campus  forms  a  quadrangle,  a  part 
of  which  it  has  occupied  for  nearly  two  hundred  years.  The  Uni- 
versity buildings  stretch  from  this  old  quadrangle  for  more  than  a 
mile  northward  to  the  large  Pierson-Sage  Square  and  the  grounds 
of  the  Forest  School  and  the  Observatory  on  Prospect  Hill.  The 
campuses  and  buildings  extend  from  the  seat  of  the  city's  business 
to  the  site  of  its  best  residences. 

Starting  with  the  ludicrously  dingy  railroad  station,  illumined  and 
enlivened  by  the  presence  and  friendly  greetings  of  throngs  of  arriv- 
ing students,  the  way  leads  through  a  street  now  bordered  by  old 
houses,  once  aristocratic  residences.  Arriving  at  the  city  Green  at 
the  corner  of  Church  and  Chapel  streets,  one  stands  at  the  cross 
roads  of  all  the  business  of  New  Haven.  Church  Street,  running- 
north  and  south,  is,  down-town,  the  home  of  banks  and  offices  and 
the  imposing  architecture  of  new  municipal  buildings.  To  the  north 
Church  Street  turns  into  Whitney  Avenue.  This  avenue,  bordered 
by  attractive,  modest  houses  surrounded  by  ample  lawns,  which 
characterize  New  Haven  homes,  leads  north  to  Lake  Whitney. 
a  delightful  little  inland  lake  furnishing  canoeing  in  summer  and 
skating  in  winter.  To  the  south,  Church  Street  becomes  Congress 
Avenue,  the  seat  of  less  important  trade.     To  the  southeast,  at  the 


60  LIFE  AT  YALE 

entrance  to  New  Haven  harbor,  is  Savin  Rock,  the  miniature  Coney 
Tsland  and  Atlantic  City  of  this  New  England  sea-board.  Chapel 
Street,  which  intersects  the  other  chief  business  street,  runs  easi 
through  the  retail  and  wholesale  section  and  beyond  the  harbor,  by 
huge  manufactories,  to  the  pleasant,  undulating  country  of  East 
Haven,  Lake  Saltonstall,  and  southward,  to  the  graceful  coast  of 
Long  Island  Sound.  To  the  west,  Chapel  Street  divides  the  shopping 
district  from  the  old  city  Green  and  from  the  College  Campus,  and 
leads  on  to  the  Yale  athletic  field  at  the  southwest,  and  to  a  resi- 
dence district  which  includes,  to  the  northwest,  Marvelwood  and  the 
"Farm  in  Edgewood"  of  Donald  G.  Mitchell,  known  to  the  literary 
world  as  "Ik  Marvel." 

Before  an  entering  student  knows  much  of  the  outlying  sections, 
however,  he  will  have  begun  his  work  at  Yale.  He  will  gradually 
acquaint  himself  with  the  community  and  with  the  life  of  the  city 
touching  Yale.  He  can  conveniently  buy  what  he  wants  at  the 
general  city  stores  and  the  special  shops  which  cater  "exclusively'' 
to  college  trade.  He  will  be  able  to  attend  musical  concerts,  lectures 
and  like  forms  of  entertainment  which  are  provided  for  the  city 
largely  by  the  University.  Theatres,  with  New  Haven's  proximity 
to  New  York,  present  the  best  plays  of  the  season  as  well  as  other 
theatrical  entertainment.  A  metropolitan  hotel  and  a  number  of 
smaller  hostelries  and  restaurants  satisfy  the  normal  demand  of 
the  city  and  College,  and  overflow  at  times  of  college  festival.  The 
city  churches  of  all  denominations  extend  genuine  welcome  to  Yale 
students  whenever  they  wander  from  the  religious  services  of  the 
University.  By  their  functions  as  well  as  through  their  representa- 
tives, they  enable  many  a  boy  to  feel  himself  still  in  touch  writh  his 
church  home.  The  students  also  take  a  part  in  the  social  life  of 
New  Haven.  There  are  a  number  of  formal  entertainments  for 
members  of  tho  University  given  throughout  the  college  year  by 
the  President  and  members  of  the  Faculty.  There  is  probably  even 
more  personal  pleasure  derived  from  the  less  formal  affairs  to  which 
the  students  are  constantly  being  bidden  and  by  means  of  which  they 
come  in  contact  with  the  families  of  the  professors.  And  such 
hospitality  is  not  received  from  those  families  alone.  Many  an 
undergraduate  shares  in  the  social  life  of  families  in  New  Haven 
who  are  otherwise  unconnected  with  the  University.  It  is  safe  to 
say  that  practically   every   Yale  man   knows   at  least  one   or  two 


THE  YALE  MAN'S  NEW    HAVEN 


<;l 


families  in  the  city   in  whose  home  he  is  a  frequent   and   welcome 
visitor. 

There  is  yet  another  aspect  of  New  Haven  of  which  the  men 
become  aware  as  they  work  and  play  within  its  precincts,  if  indeed 
they  have  not  realized  it  at  the  start.  Everywhere  there  are  evi- 
dences of  a  long  and  noteworthy  past.  No  place  could  be  typical 
of  New  England  without  such  evidences  and  New  Haven  is  rich 
in   them.     For  the  boy  who  can  feel  the  spirit  and  poetry  of  the 


The  Three  Churches  on  the  Grekx 

Center  Church  is  the  successor  of  the  old  Quhmipiac  meeting  house  and  stands 
near  the  site  of  the  old  structure  which  the  colonists  erected  in  1639  as  one  of 
the  first  buildings  of  the  new  colony.  Beyond  the  churches  in  this  view  is  seen 
the  outline  of  the  College  buildings. 


place,  there  still  exist  the  now  shadowy  memories  of  Puritan  and 
Nonconformist,  Cavalier  and  exiled  Roundhead,  Constitution- 
maker  and  Continental  soldier,  Tories  and  Patriots;  for  such  a  lad 
a  Benedict  Arnold  still  smuggles  on  the  harbor  front  and  a  Nathan 
Halo  still  walks  the  campus,  a  Noah  Webster  and  a  Percival,  an  Eli 
Whitney  and  a  poet  Hillhouse  still  people  its  old  streets  and  pass 
again  in  and  out  of  the  garden  gates  of  ancient,  vanished  houses. 
Its  old  wharves  are  standing  reminders  of  the  earliest  days  of  the 
West  Indies  trade  with  the  colonies,  its  harbor  shore  still  shows  the 
earth  forts  thrown  up  to  fight  off  the  British  ships  in  the  War  of 
1812,  its  oldest  wrater-front  streets  are  still  lined  with  the  once  great 
mansions  of  the  ship-owners  of  the  eighteenth  century,  its  Green  is 


62  LIFE  AT  YALE 

still  the  same  old  English  village  common,  on  many  of  its  streets  in 
the  older  part  of  the  town  still  stand  houses  which  date  back  to  the 
years  before  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  in  its  famous  Grove 
Street  Cemetery  (said  to  be  the  first  burying  ground  in  the  world 
to  be  laid  out  in  family  plots)  lie  Puritan  and  Continental  soldier, 
inventor  and  scholar,  side  by  side  with  later  mayors  and  manufac- 
turers, the  honor  roll  of  its  two  hundred  and  seventy-five  years  of 
history. 

The  undergraduate  who  will  stroll  out  some  afternoon  from 
the  campus  and  step  two  blocks  across  Chapel  Street  to  the  corner 
of  College  and  George  streets,  will  see  there  a  building  on  which 
is  a  tablet  commemorating  the  landing  on  that  spot  in  1637  of  the 
first  shipload  of  settlers  from  England.  There,  in  small  boats  fol- 
lowing the  creek  which  then  ran  up  into  what  is  now  the  center  of 
the  city,  a  company  of  London  Puritans,  under  Rev.  John  Daven- 
port and  his  old  friend  and  neighbor,  Theophilus  Eaton,  first  set 
foot  on  New  Haven  soil  and  under  the  oak  tree  that  stood  there  went 
onto  their  knees  to  thank  God  for  their  safe  landing.  A  stained 
glass  window  in  the  west  wall  of  Center  Church  depicts  to-day  the 
historic  scene. 

One  who  looks  to-day  from  his  room  in  Farnam  or  Welch  halls 
onto  the  Green  is  looking  at  part  of  the  original  nine  squares  of  the 
settlement.  One  square  was  set  aside  for  a  public  meeting  place, 
burying  ground,  church,  and  watch  house.  In  1639,  the  first  meet- 
ing house  was  erected  somewhat  east  of  the  present  Center  Church, 
which  dates  from  1814.  On  the  old  common  was  the  town  pump 
as  well  as  the  town  stocks,  pillory,  and  whipping  post.  Cattle  were 
pastured  here  far  into  the  eighteenth  century.  Benedict  Arnold 
figures  as  the  first  actor  on  the  Green  in  the  Revolution.  When  that 
war  broke  out,  Arnold  was  the  captain  of  the  Governor's  Foot  Guard, 
an  honorable  and  resplendent  local  militia  company  which  has  kept 
its  organization  to  this  time  and  which  frequently  interrupts  College 
recitations  by  gloriously  parading  down  Chapel  Street  to  the  martial 
strains  of  a  band.  The  Battle  of  Lexington  came  suddenly  on  April 
19,  1775,  and  at  noon,  two  days  later,  a  courier  galloped  into  New 
Haven  from  the  east  with  the  tremendous  news.  That  afternoon 
Arnold,  never  to  appear  in  New  Haven  again,  led  his  handful  of 
New  Haven  patriots  out  of  the  town,  going  by  way  of  Whitney 
Avenue  and  the  old  Hartford  Turnpike  (back  of  the  present  Country 


THE   YALE   MAX'S  NEW    HAVEN"  63 

Club)  to  Hartford  and  Cambridge.  New  Haven  has  never  beeii 
proud  of  Benedict  Arnold.  Yet  he  was  good  company  and  a  leader 
in  whatever  fun  the  youth  of  the  town  resorted  to.  Nathan  Hale — 
of  the  Class  of  1773 — who  left  Yale  to  go  to  his  death  as  a  revolu- 
tionary patriot,  was  also  a  town  social  favorite.  Perhaps  the  two 
youths,  whose  futures  were  to  be  so  widely  separated,  met  at  more 
than  one  town  social  affair. 

The  very  names  of  the  city  streets  proclaim  its  history.  Where 
Elm  Street  crosses  Broadway  is  the  junction  of  three  other  thorough- 
fares, Whalley  and  Dixwell  avenues  and  Goffe  Street.  These  are 
named  for  the  regicides  who  fled  hither  after  the  English  Restoration 
in  1GG0.  The  undergraduates  frequently  tramp  along  Whalley  Ave- 
nue, through  Westville,  to  West  Rock,  on  whose  summit  is  the  famous 
"Judges'  Cave"  where  Whalley  and  Goffe  hid  from  the  royal  officers. 
Dixwell  came  to  New  Haven  later  to  live  under  an  assumed  name. 
At  his  death,  his  identity  was  revealed  and  he  was  buried  on  the 
Green  where  his  monument  can  now  be  seen  behind  Center  Church. 
Whitney,  Hillhouse,  Davenport,  and  Sherman  avenues,  Eaton, 
Lamberton,  Humphrey,  and  Wooster  streets,  as  well  as  Gregson 
Alley,  all  are  reminiscent  of  prominent  men  of  colonial  days. 

At  the  western  base  of  East  Rock,  the  undergraduate  interested  in 
manufacturing  will  find  himself  on  sacred  ground.  Here,  just  under 
the  present  Lake  Whitney  dam  on  the  right  hand  of  the  avenue, 
once  stood  the  small  factory  of  stucco  where  the  first  interchange- 
able part  modern  guns  were  made.  Eli  Whitney,  who  was  graduated 
from  Yale  College  in  1792,  was  the  greatest  mechanical  genius  of  his 
day.  and  one  of  the  greatest  in  American  history.  He  invented  his 
famous  cotton  gin  the  year  after  he  left  Yale,  when  in  the  South. 
This  invention  was  so  valuable  and  so  revolutionized  the  cotton 
industry  that  hundreds  of  infringements  of  his  patent  finally  beg- 
gared him  by  1798,  at  which  time  he  dropped  his  lawsuits,  secured 
the  contract  to  furnish  the  government  with  13,000  stands  of  arms 
and  returned  to  his  college  town  to  make  them.  Whitney  made  his 
guns  on  the  interchangeable  part  system — an  idea  of  his  own — thus 
inventing  a  manufacturing  method  which  is  in  universal  use  to-day. 
This,  while  not  so  famous  as  his  cotton  gin,  revolutionized  modern 
manufacturing.  The  Colt  revolvers  were  first  made  at  this  little 
factory.  New  Haven's  prestige  as  a  center  for  the  manufacture  of 
fire  arms  continues  to-day  in  the  several  factories  of  the  Winchester 


64  LIFE  AT  YALE 

Repeating  Arms  Company.  It  is  worthy  of  note,  in  passing,  that 
New  Haven  was  the  home  and  burial  place  of  Charles  Goodyear,  the 
inventor  of  vulcanized  rubber. 

Noah  Webster,  James  Gates  Percival,  FitzGreene  Hallock,  James 
Hillhouse,  Jedediah  Morse  and  Donald  G.  Mitchell  (Ik  Marvel),  are 
the  striking  names  that  occur  first  to  the  undergraduate  who  is  inter- 
ested in  the  early  literary  associations  of  the  place.  John  Daven- 
port, Ezekiel  Cheever,  Jonathan  Edwards,  and  Michael  Wiggles- 
worth  also  have  claim  to  American  literary  fame.  Noah  Webster 
edited  his  great  Dictionary  in  New  Haven,  whither  he  returned  to 
make  his  home  several  years  after  his  graduation  from  Yale  in  1778. 
He  lived  at  one  time  in  a  house  on  the  present  site  of  the  Uni- 
versity auditorium,  Woolsey  Hall ;  his  death  occurred  in  the  old 
Trowbridge  house  still  standing  on  the  corner  of  Temple  and  Grove 
streets.  James  A.  Hillhouse,  of  the  Class  of  1808,  was  a  poet  of 
considerable  repute  at  the  time,  writing  for  the  Phi  Beta  Kappa 
exercises  at  Yale  in  1812.  His  home,  long  known  as  Hillhouse 
Place,  was  one  of  the  sightliest  residences  in  the  vicinity;  it  has 
recently  become  the  Pierson-Sage  Square  of  Yale  University.  New 
Haven's  greatest  claim  to  literary  fame,  however,  may  yet  rest  on  her 
possession  of  Donald  G.  Mitchell,  the  "Ik  Marvel"  of  those  most 
quaint  and  poetical  and  charming  books,  "Reveries  of  a  Bachelor" 
and  "Dream  Life."  He  wrote  his  "Reveries"  at  the  old  family 
farmhouse  in  Salem,  Conn.,  and  later  moved  permanently  to  Edge- 
wood,  in  Westville,  overlooking  New  Haven.  Here  he  long  lived 
the  life  of  a  scholar  and  country  gentleman,  publishing  a  series  of 
delightful  volumes,  of  which  his  "My  Farm  at  Edgewood"  is  per- 
haps the  most  popular  and  the  best.  When  men  who  are  still  young 
were  students  at  Yale  he  was  an  occasional  and  honored  visitor  at 
their  literary  banquets,  and  for  many  years  he  was  a  constant  and 
well  known  visitor  to  the  College  Campus  and  library.  To  the  New 
Haven  of  yesterday  he  brought  back  the  early  days  of  Washington 
Irving  and  Poe  and  Hawthorne,  whom  he  knew  as  a  younger  man, 
and  with  whom  he  will  always  be  classed  as  an  American  literary 
pioneer. 

From  papers  by 

Edwin   Oviatt,  Class  of  189G,  and  others. 


Graduates   Awaiting   Commencement   Luncheon   in   the 

University  Dining  Hall,  one  of  a  Group  of  Buildings 

Erected  to  Commemorate  the  Bicentennial  of 

the  Founding  of  Yale 


SKETCH  OF  THE  HISTOKY  OF  YALE 

In  the  year  1701  half  a  dozen  Connecticut  preachers  came  together 
at  the  house  of  one  of  their  number  in  Branford  and  each  in  turn 
setting  down  an  arm  load  of  books,  announced,  "I  give  these  books 
for  the  founding  of  a  college  in  this  Colony."  This  is  the  tradi- 
tional beginning  of  Yale.  In  the  same  year  the  legislature  passed 
an  act  of  liberty  to  erect  a  "Collegiate  School"  wherein  Youth 
might  "be  instructed  in  the  Arts  and  Sciences"  and  "fitted  for  Pub- 
lick  employment  both  in  Church  and  Civil  State."  In  the  fall  of 
the  same  year  seven  trustees  met  in  Saybrook,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Connecticut  River,  and  organized  the  College.  They  voted  to  fix 
the  school  at  Saybrook  and  elected  Rev.  Abraham  Pierson  rector. 
The  new  College  remained  in  Saybrook  for  fifteen  years,  though  in 
fact  much  of  the  work  was  done  elsewhere.  Rector  Pierson  remained 
at  his  home  in  Killingworth  and  taught  the  students  there,  and  his 
successor,  Rev.  Samuel  Andrew,  stayed  at  his  home  in  Milford  and 
kept  the  seniors  in  that  plaee.  But  the  Commencement  was  observed 
each  year  in  Saybrook  until  1716. 


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HISTORICAL  SKETCH  67 

I'lio  collection  of  books  which  brought  the  College  into  being, 
increasing  in  number,  required  an  adequate  depository,  and  the  pro- 
ject of  this  building  and  other  considerations  forced  action  on  the 
whole  question  of  the  permanent  site  of  the  College.  In  1716  this 
question,  after  a  bitter  controversy,  was  decided  by  a  majority  vote 
of  the  trustees  in  favor  of  New  Haven.  By  the  Commencement  in 
1718  the  College,  safely  settled  in  New  Haven  in  a  commodious 
building  at  the  southeast  corner  of  the  present  old  College  quadrangle, 
was  formally  named  Yale  College  in  honor  of  Elihu  Yale,  a  Governor 
of  Madras  under  the  British  East  India  Company,  and  son  of  one 
of  the  original  settlers  of  the  Colony  of  New  Haven,  who  had  made 
a  donation  to  the  institution  of  £502.  12s.  in  goods  and  a  collection 
of  books.  Probably  never  has  lasting  fame  come  to  any  man  for 
so  little  effort  and  such  small  expense. 

The  College  continued  in  one  general  building  in  New  Haven 
until  the  Rectorship  of  Rev.  Thomas  Clap,  under  whose  administra- 
tion was  erected,  in  1750,  a  large  brick  dormitory,  "Connecticut 
Hall,"  a  building  which,  recently  restored  to  its  original  form  and 
appearance,  stands  now  on  the  College  Campus.  Through  the  influ- 
ence of  Rector  Clap  a  new  charter  was  obtained  from  the  Colonial 
Legislature  in  1745  containing  important  modifications  of  the  old 
one.  By  this  charter  the  institution  which  had  formerly  been  "a 
collegiate  school"  now  became  "Yale  College"  and  the  former 
"Rector"  became  its  "President."  The  new  charter  also  conferred 
ample  powers  of  government  on  the  "President  and  Fellows"  who 
were  to  constitute  the  governing  board  or  "Corporation,"  and  these 
essential  provisions  remain  unchanged  to  the  present  day. 

Toward  the  third  quarter  of  the  century  the  work  of  the  College 
was  somewhat  interrupted  by  the  Revolutionary  War,  in  which  the 
record  of  Yale  men  was  most  honorable.  The  Yale  soldier  whose 
name  is  probably  most  highly  cherished  is  Nathan  Hale  of  the  Class 
of  1773,  who  volunteered  as  a  spy  in  the  service  of  General  Washing- 
ton and  was  captured  and  executed  by  the  British  in  177G. 

The  College  continued  to  grow  in  prestige  and  numbers  during  the 
first  century  of  its  existence,  so  that  in  1800,  under  the  administra- 
tion of  President  Dwight,  the  enrollment  numbered  217,  and  at 
even  that  early  date  the  number  of  students  from  the  Southern  and 
Southwestern  states  formed  so  large  a  proportion  of  the  total  enroll- 
ment as  to  begin  to  fix  the  character  of  the  College  as  a  national 


68 


LIFE   AT  YALE 


institution.  President  Dwight's  far-sighted  plans  for  Yale  contem- 
plated its  expansion  into  a  University  with  the  four  historic  depart- 
ments of  Philosophy,  Theology,  Law,  and  Medicine. 

During  the  administration  of  President  Theodore  D.  Woolsey, 
from  1846  to  1871,  Yale  gained  in  reputation  as  an  institution  of 
scholarship  and  learning,  and  in  strength  and  prosperity.  With  him 
were  associated  a  notable  group  of  educators  the  imprint  of  whose 
personality  has  shaped  the  educational  policy  not  only  of  Yale 
but  of  many  other  American  universities  of  the  present  day.  The 
names  that  stand  out  particularly  in  this  group  are  the  following : 

Professors  Elias  Loomis  and  Denison  Olmsted  in  Natural  Philosophy,  Noah 
Porter  in  Mental  and  Moral  Philosophy,  James  D.  Dana  in  Geology,  Thomas  A. 
Thaoher  in  Latin,  Benjamin  Silliman  in  Chemistry  (son  of  the  "elder"  Benjamin 
Silliman  also  of  Chemistry,  '"the  Nestor  of  American  science"),  James  Hadley  in 
Greek,  William  D.  Whitney  in  Language,  Hubert  A.  Newton  in  Mathematics, 
George  J.  Brush  in  Metallurgy,  Cyrus  Northrop  in  Rhetoric  and  English  Litera- 
ture, Daniel  C.  Gilman  in  Geography  and  Library  administration,  Othniel  C. 
Marsh  in  Paleontology,  John  P.  Norton,  Samuel  W.  Johnson  and  William  H. 
Brewer  in  Agriculture  and  Agricultural  Chemistry,  and  J.  Willard  Gibbs  in 
the  beginnings  of  his  notable  work  in  Physics. 


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Academic  Procession  Marching  from  the  Campus  to  the 

AlDITORIUM  AT  TIIE  YaLE  BICENTENNIAL  IN   1901 


The  Yale  Forest  School 

Organized  in  1900,  the  Yale  Forest  School  has  quickly  made  an  important 
place  for  itself  among  the  University  departments.  Its  two-years  course,  open 
to  college  graduates,  includes,  besides  regular  instruction  in  New  Haven,  a  term 
of  practical  work  in  a  large  lumbering  camp,  and  a  summer  term  at  the  homo 
in  Milford,  Pa.,  of  the  late  James  W.  Pinchot,  father  of  Gifford  Pinchot,  Yale 
Class  of  1889,  former  U.  S.  Forest  Chief,  and  a  patron  of  the  School. 


In  addition  to  the  departments  of  Philosophy,  Theology,  Law,  and 
Medicine,  all  of  which  were  a  part  of  the  educational  machinery  of 
the  institution  since  before  the  middle  of  the  nineteenth  century, 
an  important  development  came  during  President  Woolsey's  adminis- 
tration in  the  organization  of  a  new  department  of  Philosophy  and 
Arts.  This  department  came  in  answer  to  a  new  popular  demand 
for  technical  instruction,  especially  in  chemistry,  which,  as  applied 
to  the  arts,  was  then  in  its  infancy.  There  was  a  demand  for  a 
''new  learning,"  different  from  that  of  the  classical  colleges,  and  one 
branch  of  this  new  department  at  Yale,  the  Sheffield  Scientific  School, 
was  a  pioneer  in  the  effort  to  meet  this  demand.  The  other  branch 
of  this  new  department  of  Arts  and  Sciences  was  the  Graduate 
School,  again  a  pioneer  movement  in  American  education.  Of 
this  new  educational  movement  at  Yale,  the  President  of  the  Carne- 
gie Foundation  for  the  Advancement  of  Teaching,  under  the  head- 
ing   "The  Evolution  of  the  American  Type  of  University/'    says: 


7<»  LIFE  AT  YALE 

"Historically  the  account  should  begin  with  Yale  College,  when  in 
1840  graduate  courses  in  Philosophy  and  the  Arts  were  established. 
.  .  .  The  honor  of  having  established  the  first  creditable  course  of 
study  for  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Philosophy  is  due  to  Yale.  ..." 

Important  expansions  of  the  college  work  into  other  fields  are 
found  in  the  more  recent  establishment  of  the  School  of  Fine  Arts, 
the  Peabody  Museum  of  Natural  History,  the  Winchester  Observa- 
tory, the  Music  School,  and  the  Forest  School. 

The  institution,  for  many  years  a  university  in  fact,  became  so 
in  name  in  1886  at  the  inauguration  of  President  Dwight,  grandson 
of  the  former  president  of  the  same  name,  when  the  corporate  title 
was  changed  from  Yale  College  to  Yale  University.  President 
1  'wight's  term  witnessed  advance  in  work  and  unprecedented  growth 
in  numbers  and  equipment.  The  thirteen  years  of  the  present  admin- 
istration, that  of  President  Arthur  Twining  Hadley,  who  succeeeded 
President  Dwight  in  1899,  have  marked  continued  expansion  in 
important  directions,  particularly  in  material  growth  and  prosperity 
and  in  the  scholarly  work  of  the  Faculty  and  students. 

Yale  has  stood  for  two  centuries  and  stands  to-day  for  two  distinct 
motives  in  education.  The  first  is  the  training  of  the  student  for 
public  service :  described  in  the  words  of  the  earliest  charter  as  the 
"fitting  of  youth  for  publick  employment  both  in  church  and  civil 
state."  In  this  training  for  large  public  service  the  national  char- 
acter of  the  student  body  has  been  a  factor.  For  over  a  century  the 
South  and  West  have  met  in  large  numbers  with  the  East  and  Now 
England  states  in  the  student  enrollment  at  Yale.  At  present 
approximately  one-fourth  of  the  total  number  of  Yale  graduates  are 
residents  of  the  Western  states ;  nearly  one-tenth  are  of  the  Southern 
states ;  over  one-third  are  of  the  Central  states,  and  somewhat  less 
than  one-third  are  of  the  New  England  states.  The  enrollment  of 
students  at  present  in  the  University  shows  approximately  the  same 
distribution  of  residence.  This  national  character  of  the  student 
body,  no  less  than  the  fixed  purpose  of  the  University,  has  kept  the 
training  at  Yale  directed  not  only  toward  sound  scholarship  but  as 
well  toward  broad  public  service. 

The  second  characteristic  in  education  at  Yale  may  be  traced  1" 
its  origin  in  a  collection  of  books  and  the  close  connection  between 
the  development  of  the  library  and  the  institution.  The  value  of 
research,  emphasis  on  the  necessity  for  a  university  to  increase  as 


HISTOEICAL  SKETCH  71 

well  as  to  rehearse  the  present  field  of  knowledge,  has  been  a  char- 
acteristic principle  of  Yale's  development.  Present  expansion  in 
the  direction  of  large,  thoroughly  equipped  laboratories,  and  the 
scientific  field-explorations  in  the  realm  of  natural  history  and 
geography  are  recent  evidences  of  Yale's  regard  for  the  worth  of 
enlarging  the  field  of  human  knowledge. 

There  had  been  in  1913  a  total  of  27,488  graduates  of  the  Uni- 
versity, of  whom  approximately  17,700  are  now  living.  It  is  esti- 
mated that,  in  addition,  students  equal  in  number  to  about  one  half 
the  total  graduated  were  for  a  time  enrolled  in  the  University  but 
failed  to  receive  a  degree.  In  this  roll  of  graduates  and  former 
students,  beside  those  mentioned  above,  and  omitting  the  names  of 
any  now  living,  the  following  may  be  mentioned  as  having  had  par- 
ticular influence  in  the  history  of  this  country. 

Signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence:  Philip  Livingston,  1737;  Lewis 
Morris,  1746;    Lyman  Hall,  1747;    Oliver  Wolcott,  1747. 

Members  of  the  Convention  of  1787  who  framed  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States:  William  Livingston,  1741;  William  Samuel  Johnson,  1744;  Abraham 
Baldwin,  1772. 

In  Theology:  Jonathan  Edwards,  1720,  probably  the  greatest  theologian  this 
country  has  produced;  David  Brainerd,  *1743,  missionary  to  the  Indians;  Lyman 
Beecher,  1797,  a  leader  in  the  temperance  and  anti-slavery  movement;  Leonard 
Bacon,  1820,  prominent  in  the  anti-slavery  contest;    Horace  Bushnell,  1827. 

In  Laio  and  Public  Affairs:  James  Kent,  1781,  jurist,  Chief  Justice  and 
Chancellor  of  New  York;  John  C.  Calhoun,  1804,  Vice  President  of  the  United 
States,  a  chief  exponent  of  the  Doctrine  of  State  Sovereignty;  Judah  P.  Ben- 
jamin, *1829,  Jurist  and  Secretary  of  State  of  the  Southern  Confederacy;  Wil- 
liam M.  Evarts,  1837,  Secretary  of  State;  Morrison  R.  Waite,  1837,  Chief  Justice 
of  the  United  States. 

In  Invention:  Eli  Whitney,  1792,  inventor  of  the  cotton-gin;  Samuel  F.  B. 
Morse,  1810,  inventor  of  the  electric  magneto  telegraph. 

In  Letters:  Noah  Webster,  1778;  James  Fenimore  Cooper,  *1806;  Donald  G. 
Mitchell,  1841;    Edmund  Clarence  Stedman,  1853. 

In  Education  (in  addition  to  those  mentioned  on  page  08)  :  Jonathan  Dickin- 
son, 1706,  first  president  of  Princeton;  Samuel  Johnson,  1714,  first  president  of 
Columbia;  Eleazar  Wheelock,  1733,  founder  and  first  president  of  Dartmouth: 
Thomas  H.  Gallaudet,  1805,  founder  of  deaf-mute  instruction  in  America;  Fred- 
erick A.  P.  Barnard,  1828,  president  of  Columbia;  Henry  Barnard,  1830,  founder 
of  American  Journal  of  Education  and  first  United  States  Commissioner  of  Educa- 
tion; Daniel  Coit  Gilman,  1852,  first  president  of  Johns  Hopkins;  William 
Torrey  Harris,  1858,  United  States  Commissioner  of  Education;  William  Bainey 
Harper,  1875,  first  president  of  University  of  Chicago. 

Many  of  the  Yale  men  prominent  in  science  are  named  in  the  list  on  page  6S. 


*  Classes  marked  with  the  asterisk  signify  that  the  person  referred  to  was 
member  of   the  given   class  but  did   not  take   a   degree. 


M  °       ° 


D 


INFORMATION 

Facts  and  Figures  Relating  Particularly  to  (lie  Undergraduate 

Departments 

ENTRANCE  REQUIREMENTS 

Students  are  admitted  to  the  two  undergraduate  departments  of  Yale 
University  upon  passing  examination  in  subjects  noted  below.  The.se 
examinations  may  be  taken  at  one  time,  or  the  candidate  may  present 
himself  for  examination  in  one  or  more  subjects  at  any  examination 
session.  A  schedule  of  examinations  and  list  of  places  where  examina- 
tions are  to  be  held  may  be  had  from  the  Registrar  of  the  department. 

The  candidate  should  send  to  the  Registrar  of  the  department  he 
wishes  to  enter,  by  May  15,  a  written  notification  of  his  intention  to  take 
the  examination,  and  at  what  place  he  wTill  take  it.  A  fee  of  $5.00  is 
charged  for  admission  to  every  examination  session  and  this  should 
be  paid  by  May  15,  for  the  June  examinations;  or  before  the  time  of 
registration,  for  the  September  examinations,  which  are  held  only  in 
New  Haven.  At  or  before  each  examination  the  candidate  must  send 
to  the  Registrar  or  present  to  the  person  in  charge  of  the  examination 
a  definite  statement  from  his  principal  instructor  specifying  subjects  in 
which  he  is  authorized  to  take  the  examination,  and  before  his  admis- 
sion to  college  he  must  submit  an  honorable  dismissal  from  school  or  a 
certificate  of  moral  character. 

In  Yale  College,  conferring  the  degree  of  B.A.,  the  subjects  of  exam- 
ination are  as  follows : 

Pbescribed  Subjects — Required  of  all  Candidates: 

1.  English    (a)  6.  Cicero-Sallust 

2.  English    (6)  7.  Vergil-Ovid 

3.  Latin  Grammar  8.  French    (a)   or  German    (a) 

4.  Latin  Composition  9.  Algebra,  Elementary,  I 

5.  Csesar-Nepos  10.  Algebra,  Elementary,  II 

11.  Plane  Geometry 


Elective  Subjects — Of  which  four  are  required: 


Greek  Grammar   \ 

and  Composi-     [^  {both  or 
tion  (    neither) 

Xenophon  J 

Homer 

French  (a)  or  German  (a) 
(i.  e.,  the  one  not  offered 
as  one  of  the  prescribed 
subjects) 

French    ( b ) 

German   (b) 

German   (c) 


Ancient  History 

Mediaeval  and  Modern 
European  History 

English  History 

American  History  and 
Civil  Government 

Solid  Geometry  and  Plane 
Trigonometry 

Physics 

Chemistry 

Physical  Geography 


I    s  5 


£   2 

I  1 


74 


LIFE  AT  YALE 


In  the  Sheffield  Scientific   School,  conferring   the  degree  of  Ph.B.. 
the  subjects  of  examination  are  as  follows : 

Prescribed  Subjects — 

English:     Both  of  the  following: 

English    (a):      Reading  (2) 

English    (b)  :     Study  (1) 
Foreign  Languages:     Any  two  of  the  following: 

,    j  Latin  Grammar  and  Composition  g 
'  Ca?sar-Nepos 

2.  French   (a).  Elementary  (2) 

3.  German    (a),  Elementary  (2) 
History:     Any  one  of  the  following: 

American  History  ( 1 ) 

Mediaeval  and  Modern  European  History  ( 1 ) 

English  History  (1) 

Ancient  History  and  Civil  Government  (1) 

Mathematics:     All  of  the  following: 

Algebra,  Elementary  (1%) 

Algebra,  Advanced  (i/2) 

Plane  Geometry  ( 1 ) 

Solid  Geometry  (  y2  ) 

Plane  Trigonometry  (  % ) 

Science:     Any  one  of  the  following: 

Physics  ( 1 ) 

Chemistry  ( 1 ) 

Botany  ( 1 ) 
Elective   Subjects — Any   two   of   the    following   subjects    not    already 
prescribed  or  elected : 


Physics  ( 1 ) 

Chemistry  ( 1 ) 

Botany  ( 1 ) 
Mechanical  Drawing        (1) 

Latin   Grammar  and   ) 

Composition  (2) 

Caesar-Nepos  I 


Cicero-Sallust  or 

Vergil-Ovid  ( 1 ) 

French    (a),  Elementary  (2) 

French    (b) ,  Intermediate  (1) 

German    (a),  Elementary  (2) 

German  (b) ,  Intermediate  (1) 
I  listorv,  any  one  unit  noted 

above  (1) 


The  numbers  in  parenthesis  after  the  subjects  indicate  the  amount 
of  time,  or  the  "units,"  required  for  preparation, — a  unit  representing 
work  involving  four  or  five  exercises  a  week  for  the  whole  school  year. 

In  place  of  the  Yale  examinations  candidates  in  either  department 
may  meet  the  entrance  requirements  by  passing  examinations  in  the 
equivalent  subjects  which  are  set  by  the  College  Entrance  Examination 
Board.  This  is  a  general  examining  board  composed  of  representatives 
of  many  colleges,  including  Yale  University.  The  examinations  of 
this  Board  are  accepted  for  entrance  by  the  leading  colleges  of  the 
country.  This  Board  has  its  headquarters  in  New  York  City,  and  the 
list  of  places  in  which  its  examinations  are  held  may  be  obtained  by 
addressing  the  Secretary  of  the  Board,  Sub-Station  84,  New  York  City. 


INFORMATION  75 

The  Board  certificate  which  a  candidate  receives  after  passing  the 
examinations  should  he  sent  for  exchange  to  the  Registrar  of  the  depart- 
ment the  student  is  to  enter  at  Yale. 

Applications  for  admission  to  advanced  standing  with  or  without 
examination  are  received  from  graduates  and  undergraduates  of  other 
institutions.  Particulars  and  forms  of  application  may  be  obtained 
from  the  Registrar  of  the  department  to  be  entered. 

Further  details  in  regard  to  the  entrance  examinations  are  given  in 
the  catalogue  of  the  department  concerned. 

COURSES  OF  STUDY 

While  there  is  a  certain  liberty  of  election  in  courses  of  study  at  Yale, 
the  courses  that  may  be  taken  in  the  College  or  in  the  Sheffield  Scientific 
School  are  divided  into  groups.  In  the  College  a  student  entering  the 
Freshman  Class  must  choose  one  of  three  groups  of  courses,  from  which 
most  of  his  subsequent  college  studies  will  be  chosen.  In  the  Sheffield 
Scientific  School  each  Class  is  divided  into  two  groups  at  the  beginning 
of  the  year:  the  Engineering  Science  group,  and  the  Natural  Science 
group.  The  final  choice  of  specific  courses  within  the  two  groups  must 
be  made  during  Freshman  year  before  March  1.  For  particulars 
regarding  courses  one  should  refer  to  the  University  Catalogue  or  to  the 
catalogue  of  the  department  concerned. 

THE  UNIVERSITY  CALENDAR 

The  University  Calendar  adopted  by  the  Corporation  is  as  follows : 

The  Yale  Commencement  shall  occur  on  the  next  to  the  last  Wednes- 
day in  June. 

The  University  year  shall  consist  of  two  terms. 

The  first  term  shall  open  on  Thursday,  thirty-eight  (38)  weeks  before 
the  date  of  the  following  Commencement,  and  shall  close  the  day  before 
the  opening  of  the  second  term. 

The  second  term  shall  open  on  Thursday,  nineteen  (19)  weeks  before 
the  date  of  the  following  Commencement,  and  shall  close  Wednesday, 
seven  days  before  Commencement. 

There  shall  occur  the  following  recesses  in  the  University  year: 

A  Thanksgiving  recess,  extending  from  1.20  p.  m.  of  the  day  before 
Thanksgiving  to  8  a.  m.  of  the  day  following  Thanksgiving  (a  recess  of 
one  and  a  half  days). 

A  Christinas  recess,  extending  from  6  p.  m.  on  the  Friday  next  follow- 
ing December  15  to  8  a.  m.  on  the  Tuesday  next  following  January  2 
(a  recess  of  17  days). 


76  LIFE  AT  YALE 

An  Easter  recess,  extending  from  1.20  r.  m.  on  the  Wednesday  before 
Easter  to  8  a.  m.  on  the  Thursday  following  Easter  (a  recess  of  seven 
and  a  half  days). 

EXPENSES 

Tuition  in  the  College  is  regularly  $100.00  per  year  (the  exact  amount 
varying  according  to  the  number  of  hours  of  classroom  work  taken),  and 
in  the  Sheffield  Scientific  School  $180.00.  In  the  Scientific  School  an 
additional  charge  of  $21.00  is  made  for  use  of  libraries,  gymnasium, 
etc.  Rooms  in  College  dormitories,  which  accommodate  about  1,050 
men,  are  obtainable  at  prices  ranging  from  $60.00  to  about  $200.00  a 
year  per  student.  Rooms  are  reserved  in  May  for  members  of  the 
Freshmen  Class  of  the  year  following.  These  are  assigned  to  appli- 
cants in  order  of  application.  Correspondence  about  College  rooms 
should  be  addressed  to  the  Registrar  of  the  College.  Rooming  accom- 
modations for  about  200  men  in  the  Scientific  School  range  in  price 
from  $76.00  to  about  $200.00.  Rooms  outside  dormitories  vary  in  price 
according  to  their  location.  The  Sheffield  Scientific  School  societies 
have  society  houses  in  which  the  members  may  room.  The  prices  of 
these  rooms  average  about  the  same  as  those  in  the  dormitories,  wTith  cer- 
tain reductions  in  some  cases.  Students  in  either  the  College  or  the 
Scientific  School  cannot  room  in  any  hotel,  apartment  house,  or  any 
building  in  which  a  family  does  not  reside,  except  by  special  permission 
of  the  Faculty. 

Board  may  be  obtained  at  cost  at  the  University  Dining  Hall,  which 
contains  seats  for  1,200  members  of  the  University.  The  sum  of  $3.25 
a  week  is  charged  for  certain  specified  staples  of  food,  and  in  addition 
there  is  an  a  la  carte  service.  The  board  averages  from  $5.00  to  $5.50 
a  week.  Dwight  Hall,  on  the  College  Campus,  has  a  grill  room  open  to 
all  members  of  the  University.  Board  outside  of  college  costs  from 
$4.50  to  $8.00  per  wTeek.     The  average  price  is  probably  about  $5.50. 

The  necessary  annual  expenses  in  college,  omitting  clothing,  vacation 
expenses,  and  sundries,  have  been  estimated  as  follows :  the  lowest 
amount,  $335.00;  a  liberal  amount,  $770.00;  and  a  general  average, 
$525.00  a  year.  These  amounts  include  tuition,  rent  of  half-room  in 
college,  board,  furniture,  fuel  and  light,  washing,  text-books  and  sta- 
tionery, and  subscriptions  (to  societies,  sports,  periodicals,  etc.).  They 
do  not  include  clothing,  traveling  expenses,  amusements  and  incidentals. 

FACILITIES  FOR  SELF-HELP 

A  student  may  defray  part  or  all  of  his  expenses  at  Yale  by  doing 
various  kinds  of  work.     About  600,  or  one-fourth  of  the  total  number  of 


Interior  of  the  School  of  the  Fine  Arts 

The  important  collections  of  the  Art  School  include  the  Jarves  Gallery  of 
Italian  art,  paintings  dating  from  the  eleventh  to  the  seventeenth  century,  recently 
valued  at  one  million  dollars;  the  Trumbull  Gallery  of  historical  portraits;  the 
Alden  Collection  of  Belgian  wood  carvings  of  the  seventeenth  century;  a  collec- 
tion of  casts  and  marbles  representative  of  various  periods  of  art;  a  collection 
of  Chinese  porcelains  and  bronzes ;  a  collection  of  Braun  autotypes  and  Arundel 
prints;    etc. 


men  enrolled  in  the  College  and  the  Sheffield  Scientific  School  at  Yale, 
defray  all  or  a  part  of  their  expenses  at  college  by  such  work. 

Application  for  work  and  conference  concerning  facilities  of  self-help 
should  be  made  at  the  Bureau  of  Appointments.  Private  tutoring  is 
perhaps  the  most  remunerative  work  for  the  undergraduate.  Students 
may  earn  their  board  as  waiters  in  small  clubs.  Applications  for  posi- 
tions as  waiters  should  be  made  early  in  the  fall,  before  the  University 
opens,  to  boarding-house  keepers  or  to  the  Bureau  of  Appointments. 
Students  also  obtain  board  by  forming  and  managing  eating-clubs  of 
their  fellows.  About  twenty-five  students  are  employed  in  the  Uni- 
versity Dining  Hall  as  '-checkers"  and  clerks.  The  Bureau  of  Appoint- 
ments has  the  disposal  of  these  positions,  for  which  there  is  usually  a 
long  waiting  list.  Clerical  work  in  business  houses  in  the  city,  and  in 
some  of  the  University  organizations,  is  obtainable.  Canvassing  is 
especially  good  work  for  vacation.    Students  often  report  for  local  papers 


7^  LIFE  AT  YALE 

or  act  as  correspondents  for  out  of  town  papers.  For  the  care  of  fur- 
naces and  .sidewalks  in  winter,  and  of  lawns  and  gardens  in  summer, 
a  student  obtains  his  room  rent  free  or  receive-  from  $1.50  to  $2.50  a 
week.  Typewriting  and  stenographic  work  is  available  in  the  busin  iss 
organizations  of  the  University.  Students  are  often  employed  as  motor- 
men  and  conductors.  Some  obtain  positions  in  the  choirs  or  as  organists 
in  city  churches. 

Statistics  taken  recently  show  the  following  amounts  earned  in  various 
types  of  work  by  students  at  Yale  in  one  year: 

Numlior 
Work.  of  men.  Amount. 

Teaching     $37,163 

Private  tutoring L82  27,620 

Waiting  in  eating  clubs    135  18,463 

Managing  eating  clubs   (il  7,465 

Clerical  work    193  22,224 

Canvassing    130  10.970 

Reporting  for  newspapers   IS  3.319 

Street  railway  work   la  2,418 

Caring  for  furnaces,  lawns,  etc 32  1.711 

Typewriting  and  stenography   29  2,671 

Music    17  1,897 

Other  lines  of  work  in  which  students  had  been  employed  the  same 
year  included:  work  at  summer  resorts,  religious  work,  work  in  fac- 
tories, civil  engineering,  farming,  banking,  library  work,  managing  boys' 
clubs,  literary  work,  printing,  surveying,  housework,  and  railroading. 
Smaller  sums  were  earned  in  ushering,  monitoring,  as  chauffeurs, 
in  summer  camps,  as  proctors,  ticket  selling,  in  legal  work,  collect- 
ing, as  guards  at  Y^ale  Field,  in  mason  work,  carpentering,  moving 
furniture,  as  guides  about  college  buildings,  operating  stereopticon  lan- 
terns, as  station  agents,  painting,  meat  cutting,  as  fencing  instructor, 
as  fruit  inspector,  making  banners,  publishing  programs,  as  interpreters, 
testing  in  a  rope  factory,  as  janitor,  in  lumber  camp,  as  Pullman  con- 
ductor, in  sleight-of-hand  entertainments,  as  "clearer"  on  theatre  stage, 
collecting  geological  specimens,  getting  out  blotters  as  advertisements,  in 
laundry,  wheeling  invalid's  chair,  addressing  envelopes,  selling  spring 
water,  etc. 

Scholarships  are  maintained  in  various  departments  of  the  University 
for  the  aid  of  needy  students  of  high  standing.  Special  prizes  of  large 
and  small  sums  are  offered  for  competition  in  many  subjects.  Tuition 
scholarships  are  granted  to  approved  students  in  the  Academical  Depart- 
ment upon  the  basis  of  need  and  of  excellence  in  scholarship.  They 
are  at  the  rate  of  $70.00,  $110.00,  and  $150.00  a  year,  according  to 
the  degree  of  need  and  excellence  of  scholarship.     Application  for  these 


[\  FORMATION 


?.) 


should  be  made  to  the  Bureau  of  Appointments  before  September  10  of 
each  year.  The  University  Loan  Fund  furnishes  loans  of  similar 
amounts  to  students  both  in  the  College,  the  Scientific  School  and  other 
departments.  Application  for  these  may  be  made  through  the  Bureau 
of  Appointments.  In  both  of  these  departments  special  scholarships  are 
awarded  to  men  selected  for  sundry  special  reasons  by  the  Deans  and 
Faculties  or  by  the  Bureau  of  Appointments.  A  complete  list  of  such 
scholarships  is  printed  in  the  University  Catalogue.  Yale  Alumni  Asso- 
ciations in  several  localities  offer  scholarships  for  the  benefit  of  students 
entering  from  those  localities.  Such  scholarship  aid  is  offered  by  the 
alumni  in  Chicago,  Cleveland,  Colorado,  Essex  County  (N.  J.),  Hart- 
ford, Hawaii,  Louisville,  Northern  Minnesota  and  Northern  Wisconsin, 
Michigan,  Northeastern  New  York,  Minneapolis,  St.  Paul  and  Southern 
Minnesota,  Philadelphia,  Pittsburgh,  Rochester,  Seattle,  Southern  Cali- 
fornia, and  Wisconsin.  Special  scholarships  are  maintained  by  the 
University  for  the  benefit  of  those  entering  from  Connecticut  and  New 
Haven  high  schools.  Men  in  the  Sheffield  Scientific  School  may  obtain 
aid  from  the  Sheffield  Loaning  Fund  and  the  Yanderbilt  Loaning  Fund. 
Application  for  such  assistance  should  be  made  to  the  Director  of  the 


Interior  of  the  Carnegie  Swimming  Pool 


80  LIFE  AT   VALE 

School.  Prizes  for  excellence  in  special  lines  of  work  are  offered  by 
the  various  departments. 

The  Loring  TV.  Andrews  Memorial  Loan  Library,  under  the  charge  of 
the  University  Librarian,  provides  for  the  loan  of  text-books  and  works 
of  reference  to  needy  students  of  the  Academical  Department.  Permis- 
sion to  use  this  library  must  be  obtained  at  the  Bureau  of  Appoint- 
ments. The  Lounsbury  Loan  Library  provides  for  the  loan  to  the 
Scientific  School  students  of  a  limited  supply  of  text-books.  Furniture 
is  also  loaned  to  students  through  the  Bureau  of  Appointments. 

The  Yale  Cooperative  Corporation,  organized  by  and  in  the  interests 
of  members  of  the  University,  has  a  store  in  Fayerweather  Hall,  near 
Elm  Street,  where  students'  supplies  are  sold  practically  at  cost  to  its 
members.  The  fee  for  membership  is  $2.00  for  one  year,  $4.00  for 
three  years,  and  $5.00  for  four  years. 

UNIVERSITY  PRIVILEGES 

The  University  Church 

The  privileges  of  the  Church  of  Christ  in  Yale  University  are 
extended  to  all  students  of  the  University.  Prayers,  conducted  by  vari- 
ous officers  of  the  University,  are  held  daily  except  Sunday  at  Battell 
Chapel.  Services,  with  sermons  by  eminent  preachers  from  various 
cities  and  institutions,  are  held  Sundays  either  in  Battell  Chapel  or 
TVoolsey  Hall.  Attendance  of  students  in  the  College  is  required  at 
both  morning  prayers  and  Sunday  worship.  Attendance  at  Sunday 
morning  service  may  be  either  at  the  College  Chapel  or  at  one  of  the 
New  Haven  churches  selected  by  the  student  or  his  parents.  The 
College  Chapel  is  open  to  all  members  of  the  University. 

Concerts,  Lectures,  Collections,  etc. 

Among  the  many  University  privileges  are  concerts  given  either  free 
of  charge  or  at  a  moderate  admission  price,  and  many  lectures. 

University  Chamber  Concerts,  in  which  musicians  of  note  take  part, 
are  held  each  year.  Several  concerts  are  given  every  winter  by  the 
New  Haven  Symphony  Orchestra,  with  the  assistance  of  eminent  soloists, 
and  the  New  Haven  Oratorio  Society  gives  at  least  one  concert  each 
season.  Organ  recitals  are  given  in  TVoolsey  Hall  each  week  during 
the  winter  term  by  Professor  Jepson  of  Yale  or  by  some  distinguished 
visiting  organist.  Some  informal  recitals  are  given  by  students  of  the 
Department  of  Music  each  year.  Symphony  and  artists'  concerts  by 
musicians  and  organizations  of  high  standing  are  given  from  time  to 
time. 


INFORMATION  81 

In  addition  to  lectures  given  in  connection  with  the  curriculum,  there 
are  a  large  number  of  lecture  courses  under  the  auspices  of  the  various 
departments  of  the  University.  These  are  open  to  all  University  stu- 
dents. Among  the  more  important  lecture  courses  are  included:  the 
Silliman  Memorial  lectures  on  natural  history;  the  Dodge  lectures  on 
citizenship;  the  Trowbridge  lectures  on  art;  the  Lyman  Beecher  lec- 
tures on  preaching;  the  Bromley  lectures  on  journalism,  literature,  and 
public  affairs;  the  Stanley  Woodward  lectures  by  distinguished  for- 
eigners who  are  visiting  this  country;    etc.,  etc. 

The  Art  School  contains  valuable  collections  of  paintings,  wood-carv- 
ings, sketches,  casts,  porcelains,  and  prints.  The  Peabody  Museum  of 
Natural  History  is  especially  strong  in  its  mineralogical  and  geologi- 
cal collections.  Other  collections,  at  most  times  open  for  public  exhibi- 
tion, include  the  Stoddard  Collection  of  Greek  and  Etruscan  Vases, 
the  Collection  of  Babylonian  Tablets  and  Inscriptions,  and  the  Steinert 
Collection  of  Musical  Instruments. 

Libraries 

The  whole  number  of  books  in  the  libraries  of  the  University  is  about 
1,000,000.  The  University  Library  proper,  which  consists  of  Chitten- 
den Hall,  Linsly  Hall,  and  the  old  library  building,  contains  about 
800,000  of  these  volumes.  The  library  contains  many  notable  collec- 
tions, such  as  that  of  Chinese  literature,  of  first  and  important  editions 
of  American  belles  lettres,  of  Arabic  manuscripts,  of  Oriental  books 
and  manuscripts,  the  Marsh  paleontological  library,  the  Scandinavian 
library  of  Count  Riant,  the  Curtius  library  of  classical  literature,  the 
Speck  Collection  of  Modern  German  Literature,  and  many  other  special 
collections,  important  and  unique.  In  the  "Linonia  and  Brothers" 
library  in  Chittenden  Hall,  there  are  about  25,000  selected  books,  chiefly 
of  the  best  current  literature.  Here  are  also  books  of  reference  and  the 
books  reserved  for  special  use  in  courses  of  study.  The  periodical  room 
in  Chittenden  Hall  contains  over  700  of  the  leading  scholarly  periodi- 
cals. The  reading-room  in  Dwight  Hall  contains  the  lighter  periodicals 
and  the  leading  daily  newspapers.  In  Linsly  Hall  there  are  seminary 
rooms  and  libraries  for  the  departments  of  History,  Social  Sciences, 
Philosophy  and  Psychology,  Modern  Languages,  and  the  Natural  and 
Physical  Sciences. 

The  Sheffield  Scientific  School  Library  in  Sheffield  Hall  contains 
about  7,500  volumes,  chiefly  of  mathematics.  The  Law  Library  in 
Hendrie  Hall,  the  Law  School,  contains  about  34,015  volumes  and  3,500 
pamphlets,  being  particularly  strong  in  Roman  law  and  United  States 
statutory  law.     The  new  Day  Missions  Library  of  the  Divinity  School 


82  LIFE  AT  YALE 

contains  the  largest  strictly  mission  collection  in  America.  Its  reading- 
room  is  provided  with  about  200  missionary  periodicals.  The  Eliza- 
bethan Club  owns  a  library  of  belles  lettres,  and  has  a  collection  of 
Elizabethan  first  editions  unequaled  in  any  single  collection  in  the 
world.  In  addition  to  these,  there  are  about  fifteen  other  special  libra- 
ries used  by  the  various  departments  of  the  University. 

Laboratories 

The  Laboratories  of  the  University  include  the  following: 

For  physics,  the  new  Sloane  Physics  Laboratory  for  the  joint  use  of 
the  Academic,  Scientific  and  Graduate  departments. 

For  chemistry,  the  Kent  Chemical  Laboratory  of  the  College  and  the 
Sheffield  Chemical  Laboratory  of  the  Scientific  School. 

For  biological  sciences,  the  large  new  Osborn  Laboratories  of  Zoology, 
Comparative  Anatomy  and  Botany  open  for  the  joint  use  of  the  Aca- 
demic, Scientific  and  Graduate  departments,  the  Sheffield  Laboratory 
of  Physiological  Chemistry,  the  laboratories  for  invertebrate  zoology  and 
paleontology  in  the  Peabody  Museum  of  Natural  History,  and  labora- 
tories for  physical  physiology  and  pathology  in  the  Medical  School. 

For  geological  sciences,  laboratories  for  geology,  mineralogy,  petrology 
and  geography  in  Kirtland  Hall  and  the  Peabody  Museum. 

For  psychology,  Herrick  Hall. 

For  engineering,  the  Mason  Laboratory  for  Mechanical  Engineering, 
the  Electrical  Engineering  Laboratory,  the  Hammond  Mining  and 
Metallurgical  Laboratory,  and  the  laboratory  for  civil  engineering  in 
Winchester  Hall. 

There  is  also  an  observatory  and  a  botanical  garden. 

The  Infirmary 

The  I'niversity  infirmary,  attractively  located  on  Prospect  Hill,  may 
be  used  by  students  at  the  nominal  price  of  $1.50  a  day.  A  competent 
matron  is  in  residence.  The  call  and  choice  of  physician  rests  with 
the  patient. 

General  Club  Life 

In  addition  lo  the  fraternities  or  elective  clubs,  there  are  in  the 
University  a  number  of  open  general  clubs.  The  most  distinctive  of 
these  clubs  are  Dwighl  Hall  in  the  College  and  Byers  Memorial  Hall 
in  the  Scientific  School.  These  buildings  are  the  headquarters  of 
the  Christian  associations  in  their  respective  departments.  They  also 
contain  reading  rooms,  and  general  lounging  and  social  rooms.  The 
Yale    University   Club    is   a   general   club   open   to   upper  classmen   of 


[ISTFOKMATION  83 

cither  undergraduate  department.  There  are  also  a  number  of  school 
and  sectional  cluhs  composed  of  men  coming  to  the  University  from  the 
same  school,  city  or  state,  and  many  clubs  and  associations  of  men  of 
similar  tastes,  such  as  literary  cluhs,  the  Cercle  Frangais,  Cosmopolitan 
Club,  etc.,  etc. 

Athletic  Facilities 

Yale  athletics  are  divided  into  two  groups:  general  exercise  under  the 
direction  and  supervision  of  the  University,  and  sports  carried  on  by 
the  undergraduates. 

The  Yale  gymnasium,  one  of  the  largest  buildings  in  the  country 
devoted  exclusively  to  gymnastics  and  athletics,  is  the  center  of  the 
former  group.  The  Director  is  a  trained  physician.  A  thorough 
physical  examination  is  given  each  student  yearly  without  charge. 
Gymnastic  work  is  required  of  the  Freshman  Class  of  the  College,  except 
of  those  who  are  in  training  with  the  recognized  athletic  teams.  The 
equipment  includes  the  best  devices  from  the  German  and  Swedish 
gymnasiums,  as  well  as  the  American  development  appliances.  There 
are  bowling-alleys,  rowing-tanks,  hand-ball  courts,  squash  courts,  basket- 
hall  facilities,  crew  and  foot-ball  rooms,  fencing  and  boxing  rooms,  etc., 
besides  a  main  exercise  hall.  The  Carnegie  Swimming  Pool,  situated 
back  of  the  gymnasium,  is  a  building  120  by  60  feet,  the  pool  itself 
being  75  by  30  feet.  All  Freshmen  who  cannot  swim  are  given  lessons 
free  of  charge.  During  October  and  November  a  course  of  lectures  on 
health  topics  is  given  to  the  College  Freshmen,  attendance  being 
compulsory. 

Athletic  sports  at  Yale  are  in  charge  of  the  undergraduates.  A 
revised  set  of  rules  governing  these  sports  has  recently  been  adopted 
in  order  to  place  Yale  athletics  on  a  more  permanent  and  a  broader 
cooperative  graduate  and  undergraduate  basis.  A  new  Yale  Uni- 
versity Athletic  Association,  which  regulates  the  conduct  of  athletics 
in  Yale,  has  been  formed.  It  consists  of  the  following  members:  the 
managers  of  the  four  major  sports  (foot-ball,  base-ball,  track  teams  and 
crew)  ;  the  captains  of  the  four  major  sports'  teams ;  the  president 
of  the  Minor  Athletic  Association  (representing  tennis,  golf,  basket-ball, 
hockey,  swimming,  gymnastics,  wrestling,  fencing,  gun,  and  soccer)  ; 
and  five  additional  members,  graduates  of  Yale  University. 

Yale  Field,  the  athletic  field  of  the  University,  is  situated  about  a 
mile  from  the  campus.  It  contains  several  base-ball  and  foot-ball  fields, 
a  quarter-mile  running  track,  foot-ball  stands  accommodating  over 
35,000  people,  and  a  covered  base-ball  stand  with  bleachers,  seating  over 
7,000.  A  plan  for  enlarging  the  general  athletic  facilities  and  for 
permanent  athletic  equipment  at  Yale  has  recently  been  adopted.     This 


84  LIFE  AT  YALE 

plan  was  worked  out  by  a  graduate  Committee  of  Twenty-One,  appointed 
by  the  Alumni  Advisory  Board.  The  committee  has  already  acquired 
80  acres  of  land  directly  opposite  Yale  Field.  The  Yale  "Bowl,"  a 
foot-ball  coliseum,  which  will  accommodate  over  60,000  people,  and  a  new 
club  house  for  the  use  of  the  students,  are  planned  to  be  erected  on  the 
newly  acquired  land.  The  remainder  of  the  territory  will  be  laid  out 
for  use  of  general  recreation.  This  development  will  include :  foot- 
ball fields,  base-ball  diamonds,  tennis-courts,  etc.  The  old  field  will 
be  kept  for  the  University  base-ball  team,  for  foot-ball  and  base-ball 
practice,  and  for  track  athletics.  The  base-ball  stand  is  to  be  replaced 
by  a  permanent  structure  to  seat  about  20,000  people.  The  plans  of 
the  committee  will  provide  opportunities  for  at  least  half  of  the  under- 
graduate body  to  exercise  at  one  time. 

The  new  George  A.  Adee  Boat  House,  erected  by  the  alumni  at  the 
cost  of  $100,000,  was  opened  in  May,  1911.  It  is  situated  on  New 
Haven  Harbor,  and  contains  complete  rowing  equipment.  Besides 
accommodations  for  the  regular  crews,  there  are  ample  facilities  for  all 
men  who  wish  to  train  or  take  part  in  rowing. 

A  new  base-ball  cage,  erected  north  of  the  Carnegie  Swimming  Pool, 
contains  in  addition  to  a  regulation  base-ball  diamond,  a  running  track, 
and  jumping  and  vaulting  pits.  It  is  intended  particularly  for  winter 
base-ball  practice.  The  courts  of  the  Tennis  Association  are  situated 
on  Whitney  Avenue.  The  Hockey  Team  has  the  use  of  the  Arena  rink 
in  New  Haven. 


THE  YALE  CORPORATION* 

President 
Arthur  Twining  Hadley,  Ph.D.,  LL.D. 

Fellows 

His  Excellency  the  Governor  of  Connecticut 

His  Honor  the  Lieutenant  Governor  of  Connecticut 

Rev.  Joseph  Anderson,  D.D.,  Woodmont 

Rev.  Edwin  Pond  Parker,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  Hartford 

Rev.  Newman  Smyth,  D.D.,  New  Haven 

Rev.  James  Wesley  Cooper,  D.D.,  Hartford 

Payson  Merrill,  LL.B.,  M.A.,  New  York  City 

Hon.  Eli  Whitney,  M.A.,  New  Haven— 1919f 

Henry  Bradford  Sargent,  M.A.,  New  Haven — 1914f 

Charles  Hopkins  Clark,  Litt.D.,  Hartford 

Rev.  Newell  Meeker  Calhoun,  M.A.,  Orange 

Otto  Tremont  Bannard,  LL.B.,  M.A.,  New  York  City— 1916f 

Alfred  Lawrence  Ripley,  M.A.,  Boston,  Mass. — 1915f 

Clarence  Hill  Kelsey,  M.A.,  New  York  City 

John  Villiers  Farwell,  M.A.,  Chicago,  III— 19l7f 

Rev.  Charles  Edward  Jefferson,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  New  York  City 

Howell  Cheney,  M.A.,  South  Manchester. 

Hon.  Vance  Criswell  McCormick,  M.A.,  Harrisburg,  Pa. — 1918f 

Secretary 
Rev.  Anson  Phelps  Stokes,  D.D. 

Treasurer 
George  Parmly  Day,  M.A. 


*  The  Corporation  is  the  governing  body  of  the  University.  It  consisted 
originally  of  ten  Connecticut  Congregational  ministers.  These  original  trustees 
are  elected  for  life  and  their  successors  elect  fellows  to  fill  vacancies  in  their 
own  number.  These  successors  are  no  longer  limited  to  Congregational  clergy- 
men nor  to  residents  of  Connecticut.  In  1792  the  membership  of  the  Cor- 
poration was  increased  to  include  the  governor  and  lieutenant  governor  and  the 
six  senior  senators  of  Connecticut.  In  1871  the  place  in  the  Corporation  of 
the  six  senators  was  given  to  alumni  fellows  elected  by  the  alumni  at  large, 
each  for  a  term  of  six  years,  with  possibility  of  reelection. 

v  A  date  indicates  the  year  in  which  the  term  of  a  Fellow  elected  by  tbe  Alumni 
expires. 


THE  ALUMNI  ADVISORY  BOARD 

Chairman,  Edward  Johnson  Phelps,  50  South  LaSalle  st.,  Chicago,  111. 
Recording   Secretary,   Rev.   Anson   Phelps    Stokes,   Yale   University, 

New  Haven,  Conn. 
Cokresponding  Secrktary,  Edward  Hidden,  400  Broadway,  St.  Louis, 

Mo. 
Executive   Committee,   Mr.   Phelps,   Chairman,   and   Messrs.   Chubb, 

DeCamp,  Greene,  Hidden,  Howe,  Swayne,  Thaeher. 

MEMBERSf 

The  President,  Secretary  and  Treasurer  of  the  University. 

The  Chairman  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Yale  Alumni  University 

Fund  Association,  Samuel  R.  Betts,  '75,  52  William  st.,  New  York 

City. 
The    President    and    Secretary    of    the    Yale    Association    of    Class 

Secretaries. 
f  President,  George  E.  Hill,  '87,  Security  Bldg.,  Bridgeport,  Conn. 
)  Secretary,  Yasa  K.  Bracher,  '03  S.,  2010  Broadway,  New  York  City. 
Boston,  Yale  Club  of 

Samuel  J.  Elder,  '73,  Pemberton  Bldg.,  Boston. 

Rev.  Samuel  C.  Bushnell,  '74,  11  Maple  st.,  Arlington,  Mass. 
Bristol,  Yale  Cllb  of 

George  C.  Clark,  '93  S.,  Terryville,  Conn. 
Buffalo,  Yale  Alumni  Association  of 

William  C.  Warren,  '80S.,  173  North  st.,  Buffalo. 

A.  Conger  Goodyear,  '99,  962  Ellicott  sq.,  Buffalo. 
Central  New  York  Federation  (Auburn,  Syracuse,  and  Utica) 

Hon.  Irving  Goodwin  Vann,  '63,  316  James  st.,  Syracuse. 
Central  Pennsylvania,  Yale  Alumni  Association  of 

Benjamin  M.  Nead,  '70,  Box  45,  Harrisburg. 
Chicago,  Yale  Club  of 

Edward  J.  Phelps,  '86,  50  South  LaSalle  st.,  Chicago. 

Irwin  Rew,  '89  S.,  108  South  LaSalle  st.,  Chicago. 
Cincinnati,  Yale  Club  of 

Harley  J.  Morrison,  '87  S.,  Clifton,  Cincinnati. 

Walter  A.  DeCamp,  '90,  Traction  Bldg.,  Cincinnati. 


f  Al ni  associations  with  a  membership  of  100  or  more  Vale  graduates  arc 

represented  on  the  Alumni  Advisory  Board,  those  with  200  or  more  members 
may  have  two  representatives.  There  are  in  all  eighty-one  formal  Yale  Alumni 
associations  and  clubs,  including  in  their  territory  the  principal  cities  and  sec- 
tions of  this  and  several  foreign  countries.  The  Alumni  Advisory  Board  is  the 
body  which  publishes   "Life  at  Yale." 


ALUMNI  ADVISORY  BOAED  ^7 

t  i  i  \'i:i.a.m>,  Yale  Ai.i.mxi  Association  of 

S.  Lewis  Smith,  '89,  7706  Piatt  av.,  Cleveland. 

Edward  Belden   Greene,   '00,   Cleveland  Trust    Co.,   1   Euclid   av., 
Cleveland. 
Colorado,  Yale  Alumni  Association  of 

Henry  Treat  Rogers,  '66,  Foster  Bldg.,  Denver. 

James  D.  Skinner,  '94  S.,  909  Pearl  st.,  Denver. 
Essex  County  (N.  J.),  Yale  Alumni  Association  of 

Dickinson  W.  Richards,  '80,  141  Broadway,  New  York  City. 

Hendon  Chubb,  '95  S.,  5  South  William  st.,  New  York  City. 
Fairfield  County  (Conn.),  Alumni  Association  of 

Frederick  Smillie  Curtis,  '69  S.,  Brookfleld  Center. 

Hon.  John  Hoyt  Perry,  '70,  Southport. 
Hartford,  Yale  Alumni  Association  of 

William  H.  Corbin,  '89,  172  Collins  st.,  Hartford. 

Robert  W.  Huntington,  Jr.,  '89,  Conn.  General  Life  Insurance  Co., 
Hartford. 
Indiana,  Yale  Alumni  Association  of 

Merrill  Moores,  '78,  Law  Bldg.,  Indianapolis. 
Kansas  City,  Yale  Alumni  Association  of 

Rt.  Rev.  Sidney  C.  Partridge,  D.D.,  '80,  14  West  Armour  boul., 
Kansas  City. 

John  V.  Hanna,  '85  S.,  23d  st.  and  Grand  av.,  Kansas  City. 
Kentucky,  Yale  Alumni  Association  of 

Isadore  N.  Bloom,  M.D.,  '78,  2007  Second  st.,  Louisville. 
Long  Island,  Yale  Alumni  Association  of 

Hon.  William  B.  Davenport,  '67,  189  Montague  st.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
Maryland,  Yale  Alumni  Association  of 

James  W.  Cain,  '84,  Washington  College,  Chester  town. 
Michigan,  Yale  Alumni  Association  of 

Alexander  I.  Lewis,  '98,  164  Jefferson  av.,  Detroit. 
Nebraska,  Yale  Alumni  Association  of 

Victor  B.  Caldwell,  '87,  U.  S.  National  Bank,  Omaha. 
New  Haven,  Yale  Alumni  Association  of 

David  Daggett,  '79,  100  Crown  st.,  New  Haven. 

Frank  Lewis  Bigelow,  '81  S.,  205  Whitney  av.,  New  Haven. 
New  London  County  (Conn.),  Yale  Alumni  Association  of 

George  S.  Palmer,  '78,  New  London. 
New  York  City,  Yale  Club  of 

Thomas  Thacher,  '71,  62  Cedar  st.,  New  York  City. 

Frederick  W.  Vanderbilt,  '76  S.,  459  Fifth  av.,  New  York  City. 


88  LIFE  AT  YALE 

Northeastern  New  York,  Yale  Alumni  Association  of 

John  Ivassou  Howe.  '71,  51  State  St.,  Albany. 
.Youth e ast kux    Pennsylvania  and  Wyoming  Valley.  Vale  Alumni 
Association  of 

Hon.    Joseph    Benjamin    Dimmick,    '81,    17-30    Washington    av., 
Scranton. 
Northern  California,  Yale  Alumni  Association  oe 

Gerald  L.  Rathbone,  '93,  Burlingame. 
Northwest  (Minnesota,  Iowa,  North  Dakota,  South  Dakota,  Montana, 
and  part  of  Washington),  Yale  Alumni  Association  of  the 

Charles  C.  Bovey,  '90,  1512  Harmon  pi.,  Minneapolis. 

Theodore  W.  Griggs,  ex-,95  S.,  The  St.  Paul,  St.  Paul. 
Philadelphia,  Yale  Alumni  Association  of 

Thomas  DeWitt  Cuyler,  74,  701  Commercial  Trust  Bldg.,  Phila- 
delphia. 

Noah  Haynes  Swayne,  2d,  '93,  Land  Title  Bldg.,  Philadelphia. 
Pittsburgh,  Yale  Alumni  Association  of 

Edwin  Whittier  Smith,  '78,  Carnegie  Bldg.,  Pittsburgh. 
Rhode  Island,  Yale  Alumni  Association  of 

William  L.  Hodgman,  '76,  66  South  Main  st.,  Providence. 
Southern  California,  Yale  Alumni  Association  of 

William  L.  Thacher,  '87,  Thacher  School,  Nordhoff. 
Southern  Federation  of  Yale  Clubs 

Edwin  W.  Kobertson,  '85,  Columbia,  S.  C. 

Alvin  P.  Howard,  '10  S.,  555  St.  Charles  St.,  New  Orleans,  La. 
St.  Louis,  Yale  Alumni  Association  of 

Edward  Hidden,  '85,  400  Broadway,  St.  Louis. 

Thomas  Henry  West,  Jr.,  '96  S.,  401  Locust  st.,  St.  Louis. 
Washington,  D.  C,  Yale  Alumni  Association  of 

James  H.  Hayden,  '87  S.,  Wilkins  Bldg.,  Washington. 

George  Xavier  McLanahan,  '96,  Union  Trust  Bldg.,  Washington. 
Westchester  County;  (N.  Y.),  Yale  Alumni  Association  of 

William  D.  Sawyer,  '89,  26  Liberty  st.,  New  York  City. 
Western  Massachusetts,  Yale  Alumni  Association  of 

Richard  Hooker,  '99,  Springfield  Republican,  Springfield,  Mass. 
Wisconsin,  Yale  Alumni  Association  of 

Nathan  Glicksman,  '91,  485  Terrace  av.,  Milwaukee. 


YALE   UNIVERSITY 

"  The  I'resldent  and  Fello 
Haven.'') 

ADMINISTRATIVE  OFFICERS 
President:     Arthur  Twining  Hadley,  Ph.D.,  LL.D. 
Secretary:     Anson  Phelps  Stokes,  D.D. 
Treasurer:     George  Parmly  Day,  M.A. 
Librarian  :      John  Christopher  Schwab,  Ph.D.,  LL.D. 

DEPARTMENTS 
The  work  of  the  University  is  carried  on  in  the  following  Departments : 
Department  of  Philosophy  and  the  Arts: 

Yale  College,  Frederick  Scheetz  Jones,  M.A.,  Dean. 

A  four  years'  course  of  academic  study,  partially  prescribed,  leading  to 
the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Arts  (B.A.). 

The  Sheffield  Scientific  School,  R.  H.  Chittenden,  Sc.D.,  LL.D.,  Director. 
A  three  years'  course  of  study,  partially  prescribed,  leading  to  the  degree 
of  Bachelor  of  Philosophy  (Ph.B.)  and  a  five  years'  course  leading  to 
higher  engineering  degrees.  A  graduate  course  also  leads  to  the  degree 
of  Master  of  Science    (M.S.) 

The  Graduate  School,  Hamis  Oertel,  Ph.D.,  Dean. 

Courses  offered  to  college  graduates  leading  to  the  degrees  of  Doctor  of 
Philosophy   (Ph.D.)    and  Master  of  Arts   (M.A.) 

The  School  of  the  Fine  Arts,  W.  Sergeant  Kendall,  M.A.,  N.A.,  Director. 
Regular  and  special  courses  in  drawing,  anatomy,  perspective,  painting, 
modeling,  architecture,  and  illustration.  Degree  of  Bachelor  of  Fine 
Arts  (B.F.A.)  conferred  for  advanced  work  of  distinction. 

The  Music  School,  Horatio  William  Parker,  Mus.D.,  Dean. 

Courses  in  theory  of  music  leading,  after  four  years'  work,  to  degree  of 
Bachelor  of  Music  (B.Mus.).  Also  courses  in  piano,  organ,  violin,  violon- 
cello, singing,  and  chamber  music. 

The  Forest  School,  James  W.  Tourney,  M.S.,  M.A.,  Director. 

A  two  years'  course,  open  to  college  graduates,  leading  to  the  degree  of 
Master  of  Forestry   (M.F.). 

[Note:    Properly  qualified  women  are  admitted  as  candidates  for  the  degree  of  Doctor 
Philosophy,  also  as  members  of  the  Schools  of  Music  and  of  Fine  Arts.] 

Department  of  Theology  [School  of  Religion],  Rev.  Charles  R.  Brown,  D.D.,  Dean. 
A  three  years'  course,  open  to  college  graduates,  leading  to  the  degree 
of  Bachelor  of  Divinity  ( B.D. ) .  There  are  five  courses  of  study  empha- 
sizing respectively  Theology,  Missions,  Religious  Education,  and  Philan- 
thropy, and  History  and  Philosophy  of  Religion. 

Department  of  Medicine,  George  Blumer,  M.D.,  Dean. 

A  four  years'  course,  following  a  preparation  of  at  least  two  years' 
college  study,  leading  to  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine  (M.D.). 

Department  of  Law,  Henry  Wade  Rogers,  LL.D.,  Dean. 

A  three  years'  course,  open  to  college  graduates,  leading  to  the  degree  of 
Bachelor  of  Laws  (LL.B.)  or  Bachelor  of  Civil  Law  (B.C.L.).  Higher 
law  degrees  conferred  for  graduate  work. 

For  general  information  address  Yale  University  Secretary,  New 
Haven,  Conn. 

For  special  information  about  examinations,  courses,  etc.,  address  the 
Dean  of  the  Department. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 

Los  Angeles 
This  book  is  DUE  on  the  last  date  stamped  below. 


SEP  l  9  1957 


AUG 

JUN  6  -  n 


ft"     M3Vli 

FEB     5 1973 


REC 


APR  2 


:\\ 


rorm  L9-100m-9,'52(A3105)444 


THE  LIBRARY 


i     LITHOMOUNT 
J  PAMPHLET   BINDER 

Manofatiund  by 

©AYLORD  BROS.  I.«. 
Syr«cut»,  N.  V. 

Stoetton,  Calif. 


v 


L  009   620   838   4 


